Determination of inherent optical properties of Lake Ontario coastal waters

R. P. Bukata; J. H. Jerome; J. E. Bruton; S. C. Jain

doi:10.1364/AO.18.003926

Applied Optics
Vol. 18,
Issue 23,
pp. 3926-3932
(1979)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.18.003926

Determination of inherent optical properties of Lake Ontario coastal waters

R. P. Bukata, J. H. Jerome, J. E. Bruton, and S. C. Jain

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R. P. Bukata, J. H. Jerome, J. E. Bruton, and S. C. Jain, "Determination of inherent optical properties of Lake Ontario coastal waters," Appl. Opt. 18, 3926-3932 (1979)

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Abstract

Two optical models (one based upon Monte Carlo simulations of the solutions of the radiative transfer equations and one based upon exponential/quasi-single scattering simulations) relating the apparent and inherent optical properties of natural water masses are utilized in conjunction with directly measured values of the irradiance attenuation coefficient K(0), the diffuse reflectance R(0), and the total attenuation coefficient c to determine the inherent optical properties of Lake Ontario coastal waters. Tables are presented displaying the calculated values of scattering albedo ω₀, forwardscattering probability F, backscattering probability B, absorption coefficient a, and scattering coefficient b as a function of wavelength. From the tables of calculated values, it is shown that both F and b display a spectral invariance, while ω₀ displays distinct spectral variations, the spectral variations apparent in the measured values of c may be attributable to spectral variations in a, and B displays a spectral change that varies inversely with the spectral change in a and c. The volume scattering phase function β(θ) appears to be altered by the absorption characteristics of the water mass, contrary to the generally accepted premise that absorption and particulate backscattering are independent processes.

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Station	R₁	R₂	R₃	R₄	R₅	K₁	K₂	K₃	K₄	K₅
17 May
1	0.013	0.017	0.028	0.033	0.017	0.68	0.57	0.39	0.36	0.52
2	0.0088	0.011	0.021	0.026	0.012	0.66	0.56	0.37	0.32	0.46
3	0.014	0.020	0.036	0.040	0.018	0.65	0.53	0.33	0.28	0.45
4	0.014	0.019	0.036	0.039	0.021	0.63	0.50	0.30	0.25	0.39
5	0.013	0.017	0.030	0.034	0.015	0.70	0.54	0.35	0.33	0.47
6	0.019	0.026	0.044	0.044	0.021	0.70	0.56	0.38	0.35	0.52
7	0.012	0.016	0.027	0.028	0.011	0.60	0.50	0.34	0.29	0.46
3 June
1	0.033	0.039	0.058	0.072	0.037	0.90	0.76	0.57	0.47	0.62
2	0.030	0.039	0.066	0.077	0.041	0.70	0.57	0.36	0.30	0.45
3	0.019	0.022	0.034	0.038	0.017	0.68	0.57	0.39	0.36	0.51
4	0.016	0.022	0.033	0.035	0.015	0.57	0.48	0.32	0.29	0.45
5	0.013	0.017	0.026	0.028	0.013	0.57	0.47	0.33	0.29	0.44
6	0.013	0.018	0.025	0.029	0.011	0.56	0.44	0.31	0.28	0.42
7	0.013	0.017	0.025	0.028	0.015	0.58	0.46	0.32	0.33	0.50
9	0.013	0.016	0.024	0.023	0.0092	0.57	0.47	0.34	0.30	0.43
11	0.011	0.015	0.022	0.023	0.0094	0.56	0.46	0.33	0.29	0.42
12	0.010	0.013	0.018	0.022	0.010	0.52	0.43	0.31	0.28	0.43

Station	F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄	F₅	ω₀₁	ω₀₂	ω₀₃	ω₀₄	ω₀₅
1	0.987	0.985	0.983	0.982	0.987	0.763	0.780	0.842	0.856	0.806
	0.987	0.986	0.985	0.985	0.988	0.771	0.790	0.862	0.878	0.819
2	0.991	0.990	0.988	0.987	0.991	0.750	0.772	0.844	0.859	0.816
	0.991	0.990	0.989	0.989	0.992	0.755	0.780	0.862	0.880	0.828
3	0.986	0.984	0.982	0.982	0.988	0.757	0.795	0.866	0.881	0.826
	0.987	0.985	0.985	0.986	0.989	0.765	0.808	0.889	0.906	0.841
4	0.987	0.985	0.983	0.984	0.988	0.768	0.805	0.875	0.891	0.843
	0.987	0.986	0.987	0.988	0.989	0.777	0.818	0.898	0.917	0.861
5	0.986	0.986	0.984	0.982	0.989	0.740	0.782	0.857	0.862	0.814
	0.986	0.986	0.987	0.986	0.990	0.746	0.792	0.879	0.884	0.827
6	0.977	0.976	0.972	0.974	0.982	0.725	0.777	0.837	0.850	0.787
	0.978	0.978	0.977	0.979	0.983	0.735	0.792	0.860	0.873	0.801
7	0.989	0.987	0.985	0.987	0.992	0.774	0.792	0.854	0.870	0.814
	0.990	0.988	0.988	0.989	0.993	0.782	0.803	0.874	0.892	0.826

Station	F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄	F₅	ω₀₁	ω₀₂	ω₀₃	ω₀₄	ω₀₅
1	0.970	0.967	0.964	0.961	0.973	0.778	0.794	0.845	0.867	0.818
	0.973	0.972	0.972	0.972	0.978	0.795	0.814	0.871	0.894	0.838
2	0.977	0.975	0.972	0.972	0.977	0.811	0.835	0.888	0.905	0.856
	0.980	0.979	0.980	0.981	0.982	0.829	0.857	0.915	0.933	0.879
3	0.983	0.982	0.981	0.980	0.987	0.775	0.794	0.850	0.860	0.806
	0.984	0.983	0.984	0.984	0.988	0.787	0.808	0.872	0.882	0.819
4	0.986	0.983	0.982	0.982	0.988	0.778	0.802	0.856	0.865	0.798
	0.986	0.984	0.985	0.986	0.989	0.788	0.817	0.878	0.888	0.809
5	0.988	0.986	0.985	0.985	0.990	0.769	0.795	0.849	0.860	0.800
	0.988	0.987	0.987	0.988	0.990	0.777	0.807	0.869	0.881	0.817
6	0.987	0.986	0.985	0.985	0.991	0.757	0.796	0.846	0.857	0.791
	0.987	0.986	0.987	0.987	0.991	0.764	0.808	0.865	0.878	0.801
7	0.987	0.986	0.986	0.983	0.986	0.756	0.792	0.844	0.840	0.770
	0.987	0.987	0.987	0.985	0.987	0.763	0.804	0.863	0.859	0.779
9	0.987	0.986	0.984	0.986	0.993	0.759	0.779	0.830	0.843	0.791
	0.988	0.986	0.986	0.988	0.993	0.767	0.790	0.848	0.862	0.799
11	0.989	0.986	0.986	0.987	0.992	0.751	0.775	0.830	0.846	0.790
	0.989	0.987	0.987	0.988	0.992	0.757	0.785	0.846	0.865	0.798
12	0.990	0.989	0.989	0.987	0.993	0.754	0.785	0.835	0.847	0.787
	0.990	0.989	0.990	0.989	0.993	0.759	0.795	0.851	0.864	0.794

Station	c₁	c₂	c₃	c₄	c₅	b₁	b₂	b₃	b₄	b₅	a₁	a₂	a₃	a₄	a₅
1	2.58	2.31	2.26	2.29	2.45	1.97	1.80	1.90	1.96	1.98	0.61	0.51	0.36	0.33	0.47
						1.99	1.83	1.95	2.01	2.01	0.59	0.48	0.31	0.28	0.44
2	2.40	2.24	2.24	2.18	2.35	1.80	1.73	1.89	1.87	1.92	0.60	0.51	0.35	0.31	0.43
						1.81	1.75	1.93	1.92	1.95	0.59	0.49	0.31	0.26	0.40
3	2.41	2.31	2.27	2.26	2.37	1.82	1.84	1.97	1.99	1.96	0.59	0.47	0.31	0.27	0.41
						1.84	1.87	2.02	2.05	1.99	0.57	0.44	0.25	0.21	0.38
4	2.43	2.29	2.27	2.23	2.34	1.87	1.84	1.99	1.99	1.97	0.56	0.45	0.28	0.24	0.37
						1.89	1.87	2.04	2.04	2.01	0.54	0.42	0.23	0.19	0.33
5	2.39	2.23	2.25	2.18	2.34	1.77	1.74	1.93	1.88	1.91	0.62	0.49	0.32	0.30	0.43
						1.78	1.77	1.98	1.93	1.94	0.61	0.46	0.27	0.25	0.40
6	2.21	2.15	1.97	2.00	2.15	1.60	1.67	1.65	1.70	1.69	0.61	0.48	0.32	0.30	0.46
						1.62	1.70	1.69	1.75	1.72	0.59	0.45	0.28	0.25	0.43
7	2.35	2.11	2.10	2.13	2.26	1.82	1.67	1.79	1.85	1.84	0.53	0.44	0.31	0.28	0.42
						1.84	1.69	1.84	1.90	1.87	0.51	0.42	0.26	0.23	0.40

Station	c₁	c₂	c₃	c₄	c₅	b₁	b₂	b₃	b₄	b₅	a₁	a₂	a₃	a₄	a₅
1	3.36	3.02	2.92	2.79	2.85	2.61	2.40	2.47	2.42	2.33	0.75	0.63	0.45	0.37	0.52
						2.67	2.46	2.54	2.50	2.39	0.69	0.56	0.38	0.30	0.46
2	3.23	2.97	2.77	2.71	2.74	2.62	2.48	2.46	2.45	2.35	0.61	0.49	0.31	0.26	0.40
						2.68	2.55	2.54	2.53	2.41	0.55	0.43	0.24	0.18	0.33
3	2.69	2.47	2.37	2.31	2.40	2.09	1.96	2.02	1.99	1.93	0.61	0.51	0.36	0.32	0.47
						2.12	2.00	2.07	2.04	1.97	0.57	0.47	0.31	0.27	0.44
4	2.33	2.19	2.08	2.03	2.08	1.81	1.76	1.78	1.76	1.66	0.52	0.43	0.30	0.27	0.42
						1.84	1.79	1.83	1.80	1.68	0.49	0.40	0.25	0.23	0.40
5	2.28	2.13	2.04	1.96	2.04	1.75	1.69	1.73	1.69	1.63	0.53	0.44	0.31	0.27	0.41
						1.77	1.72	1.77	1.73	1.65	0.51	0.41	0.27	0.23	0.39
6	2.12	1.99	1.90	1.83	1.91	1.60	1.58	1.61	1.57	1.51	0.52	0.41	0.29	0.26	0.40
						1.62	1.61	1.64	1.61	1.53	0.50	0.38	0.26	0.22	0.39
7	2.17	2.04	1.95	1.89	2.00	1.64	1.62	1.65	1.59	1.54	0.53	0.42	0.31	0.30	0.46
						1.66	1.64	1.68	1.62	1.56	0.51	0.40	0.27	0.27	0.44
9	2.14	1.94	1.86	1.78	1.93	1.62	1.51	1.54	1.50	1.53	0.52	0.43	0.32	0.28	0.40
						1.64	1.53	1.58	1.53	1.54	0.50	0.41	0.28	0.25	0.39
11	2.03	1.84	1.78	1.77	1.87	1.53	1.43	1.48	1.50	1.48	0.51	0.41	0.30	0.27	0.39
						1.54	1.45	1.51	1.53	1.49	0.49	0.40	0.27	0.24	0.38
12	1.90	1.78	1.73	1.69	1.84	1.43	1.40	1.45	1.43	1.45	0.47	0.38	0.29	0.26	0.39
						1.44	1.41	1.47	1.46	1.46	0.46	0.37	0.26	0.23	0.38

Station	May		June
Station	B_ave	F_ave	B_ave	F_ave
1	0.013 ± 0.002	0.987 ± 0.002	0.029 ± 0.004	0.971 ± 0.004
	0.014 ± 0.001	0.986 ± 0.001	0.027 ± 0.002	0.973 ± 0.002
2	0.009 ± 0.002	0.991 ± 0.002	0.023 ± 0.003	0.977 ± 0.003
	0.010 ± 0.001	0.990 ± 0.001	0.020 ± 0.001	0.980 ± 0.001
3	0.014 ± 0.002	0.986 ± 0.002	0.015 ± 0.003	0.985 ± 0.003
	0.014 ± 0.002	0.986 ± 0.002	0.016 ± 0.002	0.984 ± 0.002
4	0.013 ± 0.002	0.987 ± 0.002	0.014 ± 0.002	0.986 ± 0.002
	0.013 ± 0.001	0.987 ± 0.001	0.014 ± 0.002	0.986 ± 0.002
5	0.013 ± 0.002	0.987 ± 0.002	0.011 ± 0.002	0.989 ± 0.002
	0.013 ± 0.002	0.987 ± 0.002	0.012 ± 0.001	0.989 ± 0.001
6	0.021 ± 0.003	0.979 ± 0.003	0.012 ± 0.002	0.988 ± 0.002
	0.021 ± 0.003	0.979 ± 0.003	0.012 ± 0.002	0.988 ± 0.002
7	0.010 ± 0.003	0.990 ± 0.003	0.013 ± 0.002	0.987 ± 0.002
	0.011 ± 0.002	0.990 ± 0.002	0.013 ± 0.001	0.987 ± 0.001
9			0.011 ± 0.003	0.989 ± 0.003
			0.012 ± 0.003	0.988 ± 0.003
11			0.011 ± 0.002	0.989 ± 0.002
			0.011 ± 0.002	0.989 ± 0.002
12			0.009 ± 0.002	0.991 ± 0.002
			0.010 ± 0.002	0.990 ± 0.002

Abstract

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Figures (3)

Tables (8)

Equations (6)

Applied Optics