Table I
Laser Beacon Characteristics
| | | 0.1 km | 0.3 km | 1.0 km | 3.0 km | 10.0 km |
---|
w0 = 4 cm |
| w (cm) | 4 | 4.04 | 4.5 | 7.25 | 20.5 |
I0 (W/cm2) | 9.25 × 10−8 | 3.05 × 10−8 | 8.23 × 10−9 | 1.70 × 10−9 | 1.81 × 10−10 |
Δt (sec) | 6.37 × 10−5 | 2.14 × 10−5 | 7.16 × 10−6 | 3.84 × 10−6 | 3.26 × 10−6 |
I
b
max
(W/cm2) | 5.20 × 10−3 | 5.67 × 10−4 | 4.10 × 10−5 | 1.76 × 10−6 | 2.00 × 10−8 |
I
b
max
* (W/cm2) | 5.20 × 10−1 | 5.67 × 10−2 | 4.10 × 10−3 | 1.76 × 10−4 | 2.00 × 10−6 |
w0 = 10 cm |
| w (cm) | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.03 | 10.3 | 12.8 |
I0 (W/cm2) | 3.70 × 10−8 | 1.23 × 10−8 | 3.69 × 10−9 | 1.20 × 10−9 | 2.89 × 10−10 |
Δt (sec) | 1.59 × 10−4 | 5.31 × 10−5 | 1.60 × 10−5 | 5.46 × 10−6 | 2.04 × 10−6 |
I
b
max
(W/cm2) | 8.40 × 10−4 | 9.23 × 10−5 | 8.30 × 10−6 | 8.78 × 10−7 | 5.10 × 10−8 |
I
b
max
* (W/cm2) | 8.40 × 10−2 | 9.23 × 10−3 | 8.30 × 10−4 | 8.78 × 10−5 | 5.10 × 10−6 |
w beam diameter to 1/
e2 points,
I0 peak intensity, Δ
t pulse on time between 1/
e2 points,
I
b
max
maximum noise for SNR = 5,
I
b
max
* maximum noise for SNR = 0.5.
Table II
Background Light Intensities
| 10−2 sr (W/cm2) | 10−1 sr (W/cm2) | 1 sr (W/cm2) |
---|
1-GHz filter | | | |
Direct sunlight | 1.6 × 10−7 | 1.6 × 10−7 | 1.6 × 10−7 |
Sunlit cloud | 2.5 × 10−10 | 2.5 × 10−9 | 2.5 × 10−8 |
Sky (observed horizontally) | 7.8 × 10−11 | 7.8 × 10−10 | 7.8 × 10−9 |
3-Å filter (225 GHz) | | | |
Direct sunlight | 3.5 × 10−5 | 3.5 × 10−5 | 3.5 × 10−5 |
Sunlit cloud | 5.6 × 10−8 | 5.6 × 10−7 | 5.6 × 10−6 |
Sky (observed horizontally) | 1.7 × 10−8 | 1.7 × 10−7 | 1.7 × 10−6 |
10-Å filter (749 GHz) | | | |
Direct sunlight | 1.2 × 10−4 | 1.2 × 10−4 | 1.2 × 10−4 |
Sunlit cloud | 1.9 × 10−7 | 1.9 × 10−6 | 1.9 × 10−5 |
Sky (observed horizontally) | 5.8 × 10−8 | 5.8 × 10−7 | 5.8 × 10−6 |
100-Å filter (7490 GHz) | | | |
Direct sunlight | 1.2 × 10−8 | 1.2 × 10−3 | 1.2 × 10−3 |
Sunlit cloud | 1.9 × 10−6 | 1.9 × 10−5 | 1.9 × 10−4 |
Sky (observed horizontally) | 5.8 × 10−7 | 5.8 × 10−6 | 5.8 × 10−5 |
Table III
Range of Various Detector Configurations Calculated for SNR = 5 (Left-Hand Value) and SNR = 0.5 (Right-Hand Value)
| 10−2 sr (km) | 10−1 sr (km) | 1 sr (km) |
---|
1-GHz filter | | | | | | |
Direct sunlight | 5.80 | 19.0 | 5.80 | 19.0 | 5.80 | 19.0 |
Sunlit cloud | 30.00 | 95.0 | 17.00 | 54.0 | 9.40 | 30.0 |
Sky (observed horizontally) | 40.00 | 130.0 | 23.00 | 72.0 | 13.00 | 40.0 |
3-Å filter (225 GHz) | | | | | | |
Direct sunlight | 1.10 | 4.7 | 1.10 | 4.7 | 1.10 | 4.7 |
Sunlit cloud | 7.70 | 25.0 | 4.20 | 14.0 | 2.10 | 7.7 |
Sky (observed horizontally) | 10.00 | 33.0 | 5.70 | 19.0 | 3.00 | 10.0 |
10-Å filter (749 GHz) | | | | | | |
Direct sunlight | 0.66 | 3.4 | 0.66 | 3.4 | 0.66 | 3.4 |
Sunlit cloud | 5.60 | 18.0 | 2.90 | 10.0 | 1.40 | 5.6 |
Sky (observed horizontally) | 7.60 | 24.0 | 4.10 | 14.0 | 2.10 | 7.6 |
100-Å (7490 GHz) | | | | | | |
Direct sunlight | 0.21 | 1.6 | 0.21 | 1.6 | 0.21 | 1.6 |
Sunlit cloud | 2.90 | 10.0 | 1.40 | 5.6 | 0.52 | 2.9 |
Sky (observed horizontally) | 4.10 | 14.0 | 2.10 | 7.6 | 0.87 | 4.1 |
Table. IV
Range of Various Detector Configurations when the Visibility is 1.9 km Calculated for SNR = 5 (Left-Hand Value) and SNR = 0.5 (Right-Hand Value)
| 10−2 sr (km) | 10−1 sr (km) | 1 sr (km) |
---|
1-GHz filter | | | | | | |
Direct sunlight | 1.30 | 2.10 | 1.30 | 2.10 | 1.30 | 2.10 |
Sunlit cloud | 2.50 | 3.40 | 2.00 | 2.90 | 1.60 | 2.50 |
Sky (observed horizontally) | 2.70 | 3.60 | 2.30 | 3.20 | 1.80 | 2.70 |
3-Å filter (225 GHz) | | | | | | |
Direct sunlight | 0.47 | 1.20 | 0.47 | 1.20 | 0.47 | 1.20 |
Sunlit cloud | 1.50 | 2.30 | 1.10 | 1.90 | 0.72 | 1.50 |
Sky (observed horizontally) | 1.70 | 2.60 | 1.30 | 2.10 | 0.90 | 1.70 |
10-Å filter (749 GHz) | | | | | | |
Direct sunlight | 0.34 | 1.00 | 0.34 | 1.00 | 0.34 | 1.00 |
Sunlit cloud | 1.30 | 2.10 | 0.88 | 1.70 | 0.55 | 1.30 |
Sky (observed horizontally) | 1.50 | 2.30 | 1.10 | 1.90 | 0.71 | 1.50 |
100-Å (7490 GHz) | | | | | | |
Direct sunlight | 0.15 | 0.61 | 0.15 | 0.61 | 0.15 | 0.61 |
Sunlit cloud | 0.88 | 1.70 | 0.55 | 1.30 | 0.29 | 0.90 |
Sky (observed horizontally) | 1.10 | 1.90 | 0.71 | 1.50 | 0.42 | 1.10 |
Table V
Retroreflected Beacon Intensity and Noise Maximum
| | | 0.1 km | 0.3 km | 1.0 km | 3.0 km | 10.0 km |
---|
w0 = 4 cm |
| Irr (W/cm2) | 7.4 × 10−8 | 2.7 × 10−9 | 6.7 × 10−11 | 1.5 × 10−12 | 1.4 × 10−14 |
I
b
max
(W/cm2) | 3.3 × 10−3 | 4.4 × 10−6 | 2.7 × 10−9 | 1.4 × 10−12 | 1.3 × 10−16 |
I
b
max
* (W/cm2) | 3.3 × 10−1 | 4.4 × 10−4 | 2.7 × 10−7 | 1.4 × 10−10 | 1.3 × 10−14 |
w0 = 10 cm |
| Irr (W/cm2) | 3.0 × 10−8 | 1.1 × 10−9 | 3.0 × 10−11 | 1.1 × 10−12 | 2.3 × 10−14 |
I
b
max
(W/cm2) | 5.5 × 10−4 | 7.4 × 10−7 | 5.5 × 10−10 | 7.4 × 10−13 | 3.2 × 10−16 |
I
b
max
* (W/cm2) | 5.5 × 10−2 | 7.4 × 10−5 | 5.5 × 10−8 | 7.4 × 10−11 | 3.2 × 10−14 |
w beam diameter to 1/
e2 points,
Irr peak intensity from retroreflector,
I
b
max
maximum noise for SNR = 5,
I
b
max
* maximum noise for SNR = 0.5.