Excitation energies, oscillator strengths, and line shapes for valence excitons in rare gas solids are presented and discussed in the light of recent theoretical approaches. In a second section, first results are reported for solid Kr obtained in a two-photon photoemission experiment combining synchrotron radiation and a laser.
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Exciton Energies at 20 K (Xe, Kr, Ar) and 8 K (Ne) in Rare Gas Solids in the Wannier Notation n = 1, 2, …, j = 3/2, and 1/2 Indicates the Spin–Orbit Splitting of the Series, and L is the Longitudinal Excitona
For Ne an adsorbate state A at 16.91 eV has been observed. EG, Δ, r, and a denote gap energies, spin-orbit splittings, exciton radii of the n = 1 states, and nearest neighbor distance, respectively. ΔE is the blue shift of the n = 1 excitons with respect to the value predicted by the Wannier model. All energies with the exception of r and a are in electron volts.
Table II
Theoretical and Experimental Binding Energies in Electron Volts for the Transverse (Bt) and Longitudinal (BL) Excitons in Solid Ne and Ar
The n = 1 (j = 1/2) exciton is observed above the band edge. This degeneracy with the continuum of j = 3/2 states prevents a simple estimate of the strength of this transition.
A collection of experimental and theoretical values can be found in Ref. 28.
Table IV
Halfwidth and Line Shapes of Bulk and Surface Excitonsa
Xe
Kr
Ar
Ne
n = 1 FWHM (meV)
~80
~80
~80
~200
line shape
AL
AL
(~L)
(~G)
Surface FWHM (meV)
~30
~30
~50
?
line shape
L
(~L)
(~L)
?
Al, L, and G denote asymmetric Lorentzian, Lorentzian, and Gaussian, respectively; parentheses indicate uncertain situations.
Table V
Comparison Between Synchrotron Radiation and the N2 Laser
Synchrotron radiation (DORIS at 3.5 GeV, 50 mA)
N2 laser
Photon energy (eV)
~10 (tunable)
3.7 (fixed)
Bandwidth (Å)
3
1
Photons/sec at the sample
<6 × 1010
~1016
Photons/pulse at the sample
<500
~1015
Repetition frequency (Hz)
120 × 106
<100
Pulse length (nsec); FWHM
0.13
3–4
Tables (5)
Table I
Exciton Energies at 20 K (Xe, Kr, Ar) and 8 K (Ne) in Rare Gas Solids in the Wannier Notation n = 1, 2, …, j = 3/2, and 1/2 Indicates the Spin–Orbit Splitting of the Series, and L is the Longitudinal Excitona
For Ne an adsorbate state A at 16.91 eV has been observed. EG, Δ, r, and a denote gap energies, spin-orbit splittings, exciton radii of the n = 1 states, and nearest neighbor distance, respectively. ΔE is the blue shift of the n = 1 excitons with respect to the value predicted by the Wannier model. All energies with the exception of r and a are in electron volts.
Table II
Theoretical and Experimental Binding Energies in Electron Volts for the Transverse (Bt) and Longitudinal (BL) Excitons in Solid Ne and Ar
The n = 1 (j = 1/2) exciton is observed above the band edge. This degeneracy with the continuum of j = 3/2 states prevents a simple estimate of the strength of this transition.
A collection of experimental and theoretical values can be found in Ref. 28.
Table IV
Halfwidth and Line Shapes of Bulk and Surface Excitonsa
Xe
Kr
Ar
Ne
n = 1 FWHM (meV)
~80
~80
~80
~200
line shape
AL
AL
(~L)
(~G)
Surface FWHM (meV)
~30
~30
~50
?
line shape
L
(~L)
(~L)
?
Al, L, and G denote asymmetric Lorentzian, Lorentzian, and Gaussian, respectively; parentheses indicate uncertain situations.
Table V
Comparison Between Synchrotron Radiation and the N2 Laser
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