Abstract

Graded-index surface or buried waveguides have been realized by thermal or electrically induced ionic exchange in glass. Deep waveguides can be obtained up to 200 μm when Li⁺ ions are used. Using Ag⁺ ions, buried waveguides can be obtained with a maximum index at 80 μm into the substrate. Typical losses for these devices are 0.5 dB/cm. Maximum index variations can be tuned from 0 to 0.11.

© 1980 Optical Society of America

Full modeling of field-assisted ion exchange for graded index buried channel optical waveguides

Jacques Albert and John W. Y. Lit
Appl. Opt. 29(18) 2798-2804 (1990)

Characterization and modeling of planar surface and buried glass waveguides made by field-assisted K⁺ ion exchange

Peter G. Noutsios and Gar Lam Yip
Appl. Opt. 31(25) 5283-5291 (1992)

High index gradient in glass by ion exchange

J. L. Coutaz and P. C. Jaussaud
Appl. Opt. 21(6) 1063-1065 (1982)

Optical behavior of potassium ion-exchanged glass waveguides

S. Iraj Najafi
Appl. Opt. 27(17) 3728-3731 (1988)

Index variation from field-assisted ion exchange

Alfred R. Cooper and Mahmoud Abou el-Leil
Appl. Opt. 19(7) 1087-1091 (1980)