Comparison of prism-expander and grazing-incidence grating cavities for copper laser pumped dye lasers

F. J. Duarte; J. A. Piper

doi:10.1364/AO.21.002782

Applied Optics
Vol. 21,
Issue 15,
pp. 2782-2786
(1982)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.21.002782

Comparison of prism-expander and grazing-incidence grating cavities for copper laser pumped dye lasers

F. J. Duarte and J. A. Piper

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F. J. Duarte and J. A. Piper, "Comparison of prism-expander and grazing-incidence grating cavities for copper laser pumped dye lasers," Appl. Opt. 21, 2782-2786 (1982)

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Abstract

Operating characteristics of a variety of rhodamine 590 dye laser oscillators transversely pumped by a pulsed copper bromide laser at low repetition rates are reported and compared. The cavities investigated include simple prism-expander and grazing-incidence grating arrangements as well as double-prism and prism preexpanded grazing-incidence grating configurations. Linewidths of ~0.01 Å at energy conversion efficiencies up to 10% were obtained for a prism preexpanded grazing-incidence grating cavity with good beam quality and low background superluminescence (<0.01%).

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Laser system	Linewidth Δλ	Grating dispersion	Prism dispersion (single pass)	Beam expansion	Reflective losses
Single-prism cavities, A1,B1	$Δ λ_{1} = \frac{2 \sqrt{2} λ}{M_{1} π ω} {[{(\frac{d θ}{d λ})}_{L} + 2 (\frac{d ∊_{1}}{d λ})]}^{- 1}$	${(\frac{d θ}{d λ})}_{L} = \frac{2 tan θ}{λ}$	$\frac{d ∊_{1}}{d λ} = \frac{sin ϕ_{1}}{{(n^{2} - {sin}^{2} ϕ_{1})}^{1 / 2}} \frac{d n}{d λ}$	$M = {(\frac{n^{2} - {sin}^{2} ϕ_{1}}{n^{2} {cos}^{2} ϕ_{1}})}^{1 / 2}$	At prism $R_{P_{1}} = \frac{{tan}^{2} (ϕ_{1} - ψ_{1})}{{tan}^{2} (ϕ_{1} + ψ_{1})}$
Single-prism cavities, A1,B1		(Ref. 21)	(Ref. 9, 21)	(Ref. 7)	(Ref. 21) At prisms
Double-prism cavity, C1	$Δ λ_{2} = \frac{2 \sqrt{2} λ}{M_{2} π ω} {[{(\frac{d θ}{d λ})}_{L} + 2 (\frac{d ∊_{2}}{d λ})]}^{- 1}$	${(\frac{d θ}{d λ})}_{L}$	$\frac{d ∊_{2}}{d λ} = [1 + \frac{n cos ϕ_{1}}{{(n^{2} - {sin}^{2} ϕ_{1})}^{1 / 2}}] \frac{d ∊_{1}}{d λ}$	M₂ = M_P₁M_P₂	R₂ = R_P₁ + (1 − R_P₁)R_P₂
Double-prism cavity, C1			(Ref. 20)	(Ref. 16)	(Ref. 16) Characteristics of grating
Grating-incidence cavities, A2,B2	$Δ λ_{1} = \frac{2 \sqrt{2} λ}{π ω} {(\frac{d θ}{d λ})}_{G}^{- 1}$	${(\frac{d θ}{d λ})}_{G} = \frac{2 (sin θ + sin θ^{'})}{λ cos θ}$	—	—
Grating-incidence cavities, A2,B2	(Ref. 12)	(Ref. 12)
Prism pre-expanded grazing-incidence cavity, C2	$Δ λ_{2} = \frac{2 \sqrt{2} λ}{π M ω} {[{(\frac{d θ}{d λ})}_{G} + 2 (\frac{d ∊_{1}}{d λ})]}^{- 1}$	${(\frac{d θ}{d λ})}_{G}$	$(\frac{d ∊_{1}}{d λ})$	M	Include R_P₁ and grating losses
Prism pre-expanded grazing-incidence cavity, C2	(Ref. 17)

	Laser system

Parameters	Single-prism	Double-prism	Grazing-incidence	Prism preexpanded grazing-incidence
ϕ₁	89.50	85.75		88.35
ϕ₂		85.75
θ	74.85	74.85	89.83	85.5
M	87	87		26
Δλ(Å)	0.0312	0.0312	0.0176	0.0162
%R_loss	93.20%	76.98%	>99.9	98.70

	Dye laser system

	Prism cavities			Grazing-incidence cavities

Parameters	A1	B1	C1	A2	B2	C2
ϕ₁	89.3	89.3	84.4			87
ϕ₂			84.4
θ				89.5	89.5	85
Δλ(Å)	0.016	0.016	0.017	0.009	0.01	0.01
P₀(kW)	15	1.5	7	11.5	1.6	5.6
% Energy eff.b	23	2.2	10	16	2.3	8
% Superluminescence	0.09	<0.01	<0.01	0.1	0.01	<0.01

Laser system	Linewidth Δλ	Grating dispersion	Prism dispersion (single pass)	Beam expansion	Reflective losses
Single-prism cavities, A1,B1	$Δ λ_{1} = \frac{2 \sqrt{2} λ}{M_{1} π ω} {[{(\frac{d θ}{d λ})}_{L} + 2 (\frac{d ∊_{1}}{d λ})]}^{- 1}$	${(\frac{d θ}{d λ})}_{L} = \frac{2 tan θ}{λ}$	$\frac{d ∊_{1}}{d λ} = \frac{sin ϕ_{1}}{{(n^{2} - {sin}^{2} ϕ_{1})}^{1 / 2}} \frac{d n}{d λ}$	$M = {(\frac{n^{2} - {sin}^{2} ϕ_{1}}{n^{2} {cos}^{2} ϕ_{1}})}^{1 / 2}$	At prism $R_{P_{1}} = \frac{{tan}^{2} (ϕ_{1} - ψ_{1})}{{tan}^{2} (ϕ_{1} + ψ_{1})}$
Single-prism cavities, A1,B1		(Ref. 21)	(Ref. 9, 21)	(Ref. 7)	(Ref. 21) At prisms
Double-prism cavity, C1	$Δ λ_{2} = \frac{2 \sqrt{2} λ}{M_{2} π ω} {[{(\frac{d θ}{d λ})}_{L} + 2 (\frac{d ∊_{2}}{d λ})]}^{- 1}$	${(\frac{d θ}{d λ})}_{L}$	$\frac{d ∊_{2}}{d λ} = [1 + \frac{n cos ϕ_{1}}{{(n^{2} - {sin}^{2} ϕ_{1})}^{1 / 2}}] \frac{d ∊_{1}}{d λ}$	M₂ = M_P₁M_P₂	R₂ = R_P₁ + (1 − R_P₁)R_P₂
Double-prism cavity, C1			(Ref. 20)	(Ref. 16)	(Ref. 16) Characteristics of grating
Grating-incidence cavities, A2,B2	$Δ λ_{1} = \frac{2 \sqrt{2} λ}{π ω} {(\frac{d θ}{d λ})}_{G}^{- 1}$	${(\frac{d θ}{d λ})}_{G} = \frac{2 (sin θ + sin θ^{'})}{λ cos θ}$	—	—
Grating-incidence cavities, A2,B2	(Ref. 12)	(Ref. 12)
Prism pre-expanded grazing-incidence cavity, C2	$Δ λ_{2} = \frac{2 \sqrt{2} λ}{π M ω} {[{(\frac{d θ}{d λ})}_{G} + 2 (\frac{d ∊_{1}}{d λ})]}^{- 1}$	${(\frac{d θ}{d λ})}_{G}$	$(\frac{d ∊_{1}}{d λ})$	M	Include R_P₁ and grating losses
Prism pre-expanded grazing-incidence cavity, C2	(Ref. 17)

	Laser system

Parameters	Single-prism	Double-prism	Grazing-incidence	Prism preexpanded grazing-incidence
ϕ₁	89.50	85.75		88.35
ϕ₂		85.75
θ	74.85	74.85	89.83	85.5
M	87	87		26
Δλ(Å)	0.0312	0.0312	0.0176	0.0162
%R_loss	93.20%	76.98%	>99.9	98.70

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