Abstract

Experimental results on the photorefractive effect in Ti-indiffused LiNbO₃ directional couplers at GaAs and He–Ne wavelengths are presented. The photorefractive effect has been observed as drift in the switching state of this device at GaAs wavelengths (0.81 and 0.85 μm) for intensities (powers) as low as 32 W/cm² (3.2 μW). Analysis of this effect indicates refractive-index changes as large as 8 × 10⁻⁴ may be occurring. Measurements also suggest the possibility of two time constants in the relaxation of the photorefractive effect in these devices.

© 1984 Optical Society of America

Coupling characteristics of LiNbO₃ directional couplers

Craig T. Mueller and Elsa Garmire
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Design calculations for directional couplers fabricated by Ti-diffused LiNbO₃ waveguides

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Polarization dependence in Ti-diffused LiNbO₃ directional couplers

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