Abstract

Fresnel lenses were fabricated by the patterned proton-exchange technique in titanium-diffused lithium niobate waveguides. The large change in refractive index available with the proton exchange allows fabrication of a high-efficiency thin Fresnel lens. Lens characteristics of nearly diffraction-limited focus spot size and efficiency up to 70% were obtained. The use of the lens to construct an integrated-optic rf spectrum analyzer of 1-GHz bandwidth and 2-MHz resolution is also demonstrated.

© 1986 Optical Society of America

Titanium-indiffused proton-exchanged waveguide lenses in LiNbO₃ for optical information processing

D. Y. Zang and C. S. Tsai
Appl. Opt. 25(14) 2264-2271 (1986)

Fabrication and characterization of titanium-indiffused proton-exchanged optical waveguides in Y-LiNbO₃

A. L. Dawar, S. M. Al-Shukri, R. M. De La Rue, A. C. G. Nutt, and G. Stewart
Appl. Opt. 25(9) 1495-1498 (1986)

Characterization of proton-exchange and annealed LiNbO₃ waveguides with pyrophosphoric acid

N. Goto and Gar Lam Yip
Appl. Opt. 28(1) 60-65 (1989)

Reverse proton exchange for buried waveguides in LiNbO₃

Yu. N. Korkishko, V. A. Fedorov, T. M. Morozova, F. Caccavale, F. Gonella, and F. Segato
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 15(7) 1838-1842 (1998)

Proton-exchanged LiNbO₃ waveguides: relevance of atmospheric environment during annealing

A. Loni and R. M. De La Rue
Appl. Opt. 31(24) 5096-5098 (1992)