Improved diffraction efficiency of silver halide (sensitized) gelatin

Daniel K. Angell

doi:10.1364/AO.26.004692

Applied Optics
Vol. 26,
Issue 21,
pp. 4692-4702
(1987)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.26.004692

Improved diffraction efficiency of silver halide (sensitized) gelatin

Daniel K. Angell

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Daniel K. Angell, "Improved diffraction efficiency of silver halide (sensitized) gelatin," Appl. Opt. 26, 4692-4702 (1987)

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Abstract

A modification of the silver halide (sensitized) gelatin process is described. We demonstrate a phase process utilizing commercially available photographic emulsions and processing which has the sensitometric properties of silver halide emulsion and the holographic performance characteristics found in dichromated gelatin-based processes.

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Process	θ degrees)	λ (nm)	f (lines/mm)	Q	DE %	Emulsion

SH(S)G⁽⁸⁾	22.7	514	1500	65	26	Kodak 649F
SH(S)G⁽⁸⁾	14.9	514	1000	28	28	Kodak 649F
SH(S)G⁽⁹⁾	11.9	514	800	17	75	Kodak 649F
SH(S)G⁽¹⁵⁾	18.5	633	1000	35	40	Kodak 649F
SH(S)G⁽³⁶⁾	-	-	-	-	41	VR
PBQ⁽¹⁸⁾	25	633	1340	27	100⁽¹⁹⁾	Agfa 8E75

	Step	Formulation	Time (Min)	Temp (C)	pH	Agitation (seconds)

1	Develop	Kodak D19	4	22	10.1	240
2	Rinse	Running Water	0.25	22	8.5	15
3	Stop	61 ml. Kodak Indicating Stop	3	22	3.0	30
		1.9 L Deionized Water
		1.9 L Methanol
4	Rinse	Running Water	3	22	8.5	-
5	Bleach	1 pkg. Part A Kodak Chromium Intensifier	5	22	1.9	180
5	Bleach	1428 ml. Deionized Water.	5	22	1.9	180
6	Rinse	Running Water	5	22	8.5	-
7	Fix	476 ml. Kodak F5 soloution	10	22	4.5	60
7	Fix	1 pkg. Part B Kodak Chromium Intensifier.	10	22	4.5	60
8	Clear	Kodak Hypo Clearing Agent	3	22	7.3	30
9	Rinse	Running Water	10	22	8.5	-
10	Dehydrate	1 Package Kodak C41 Stabilizer (3.8 L)	5	22		60
		1.9L Reagent Grade Isopropanol
		1.9L Deionized Water
11	Dehydrate	1 Package Kodak C41 Stabilizer (3.8 L)	5	22		60
11	Dehydrate	3.8 L Reagent Grade Isopropanol	5	22		60
12	Rinse	Reagent Grade Chloroform	0.25	22		15
13	Stabilize	100 ml. Reagent Grade Chloroform =10 drops Cyanoacrylate Ester	5	22		60
14	Dry	Drying Oven/Deydrator (Alternative Pioneering Systems FD-50)	20 hr.	48.9		Recirculating

Construction (L=17μm,θ=633nm)			Base Emulsion		Half-power					Maximum

θ deg.	f 1/mm	Q	Transmittance (95 %Cl)	Reflectance (95 %Cl)	Energy ergs	Ag Abs. (control)	Stain %	DE %	DE₁%	Energy ergs	Ag Abs. (control)	Stain %	DE₀ %	DE₁ %

5.1	282	2.6	88.7+/-3.2	4.4+/-3.6	400	58	1	50	23	800	96	2	5	46
10.3	558	10.7	87.1+/-1.1	7.2+/-2.6	700	78	5	38	38	1400	100	10	1	76
21.8	1090	48.5	89.0+/-1.4	5.1+/-1.2	875	90	7	37	36	1300	98	12	6	72

Process	θ degrees)	λ (nm)	f (lines/mm)	Q	DE %	Emulsion

SH(S)G⁽⁸⁾	22.7	514	1500	65	26	Kodak 649F
SH(S)G⁽⁸⁾	14.9	514	1000	28	28	Kodak 649F
SH(S)G⁽⁹⁾	11.9	514	800	17	75	Kodak 649F
SH(S)G⁽¹⁵⁾	18.5	633	1000	35	40	Kodak 649F
SH(S)G⁽³⁶⁾	-	-	-	-	41	VR
PBQ⁽¹⁸⁾	25	633	1340	27	100⁽¹⁹⁾	Agfa 8E75

	Step	Formulation	Time (Min)	Temp (C)	pH	Agitation (seconds)

1	Develop	Kodak D19	4	22	10.1	240
2	Rinse	Running Water	0.25	22	8.5	15
3	Stop	61 ml. Kodak Indicating Stop	3	22	3.0	30
		1.9 L Deionized Water
		1.9 L Methanol
4	Rinse	Running Water	3	22	8.5	-
5	Bleach	1 pkg. Part A Kodak Chromium Intensifier	5	22	1.9	180
5	Bleach	1428 ml. Deionized Water.	5	22	1.9	180
6	Rinse	Running Water	5	22	8.5	-
7	Fix	476 ml. Kodak F5 soloution	10	22	4.5	60
7	Fix	1 pkg. Part B Kodak Chromium Intensifier.	10	22	4.5	60
8	Clear	Kodak Hypo Clearing Agent	3	22	7.3	30
9	Rinse	Running Water	10	22	8.5	-
10	Dehydrate	1 Package Kodak C41 Stabilizer (3.8 L)	5	22		60
		1.9L Reagent Grade Isopropanol
		1.9L Deionized Water
11	Dehydrate	1 Package Kodak C41 Stabilizer (3.8 L)	5	22		60
11	Dehydrate	3.8 L Reagent Grade Isopropanol	5	22		60
12	Rinse	Reagent Grade Chloroform	0.25	22		15
13	Stabilize	100 ml. Reagent Grade Chloroform =10 drops Cyanoacrylate Ester	5	22		60
14	Dry	Drying Oven/Deydrator (Alternative Pioneering Systems FD-50)	20 hr.	48.9		Recirculating

Abstract

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Figures (5)

Tables (3)

Equations (6)

Applied Optics