Ulrich Krackhardt,1
Joseph N. Mait,1,2
and Norbert Streibl1
1When the research was performed the authors were with the Physikalisches Institut der Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Optik, Staudtstrasse 7/B2, D-8520 Erlangen, Germany.
2Permanent address is Harry Diamond Laboratories, 2800 Powder Mill Road, Adelphi, Maryland 20783. USA
Ulrich Krackhardt, Joseph N. Mait, and Norbert Streibl, "Upper bound on the diffraction efficiency of phase-only fanout elements," Appl. Opt. 31, 27-37 (1992)
For one-dimensional binary-phase [(0, π) and (0, non-π)] fanout elements and for one-dimensional continuous or multilevel quantized phase fanout elements, an upper bound on diffraction efficiency is presented for fanouts ranging from 2 to 25. The upper bound is determined by optimizing with respect to the array phase the upper bound on diffraction efficiency for a coherent array. To determine the upper bound for binary-phase gratings, restrictions on the array phase are imposed. For fanouts that are >5, the upper bound on the diffraction efficiency for continuous phase fanouts ranges between 97 and 98%; for (0, π)-binary-phase fanouts the upper bound ranges between 83 and 84%; and for (0, non-π)-binary-phase, between 87 and 88%.
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A real, even array assumes that the spot array phase is either 0 or π; the corresponding binary-phase grating is therefore symmetric. A Hermitian array assumes no such restrictions on the spot-array phase; thus the grating need not be symmetric.
Data taken from Ref. 14.
Data calculated for this work.
Table V
Diffraction Efficiency and Uniformity (in Decibels) for (0, non-π)-Binary Gratings
A real, even array assumes that the spot array phase is either 0 or π; the corresponding binary-phase grating is therefore symmetric. A Hermitian array assumes no such restrictions on the spot-array phase; thus the grating need not be symmetric.
Data taken from Ref. 14.
Data calculated for this work.
Table V
Diffraction Efficiency and Uniformity (in Decibels) for (0, non-π)-Binary Gratings