Abstract

Equilateral 3 × 3 tapered couplers made from single-mode fiber are found to behave in a less-than-ideal manner. This behavior is due to twist and can be corrected by twisting the coupler after its fabrication. A small amount of twist causes only a redistribution of output power between the two nonlaunch fibers, whereas a larger twist can restore the original response but with a cyclic change of fiber identity. An analysis of local mode coupling between the two degenerate LP₁₁ modes in the waist of the coupler leads to equations that successfully account for the twist-tuning effect.

© 1992 Optical Society of America

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