J. A. Dobrowolski, E. H. Hara, Brian T. Sullivan, and A. J. Waldorf, "High performance optical wavelength multiplexer–demultiplexer," Appl. Opt. 31, 3800-3806 (1992)
The principle of an optical wavelength multiplexer–demultiplexer is described in which the signals undergo repeated reflections from special filter elements that can be designed for a wide range of cross-talk ratios. The insertion losses of these units can be quite small and they can be implemented to provide simultaneous multichannel two-way transmission. In a preliminary investigation of an experimental prototype an insertion loss of 0.5 dB and a cross talk of −35 dB were demonstrated. The multiplexer–demultiplexer is expected to have a long life and high reliability.
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Theoretical Values of the CCT and IL’s for Signals of Different Wavelengths for a Multiplexer of the Type Shown in Fig. 2 with Different Combinations of Filters 1 and 2a
Filters
λ1
λ2
λ3
λ4
λ5
1
2
CT
IL
CT
IL
CT
IL
CT
IL
CT
IL
NBR
NBR
4.2×10−6 (−53.8)
3.0×10−2 (0.13)
3.1×10−6 (−55.1)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
2.1×10−6 (−56.8)
5.0×10−2 (0.22)
1.0×10−6 (−59.9)
6.0×10−2 (0.27)
4.0×10−2 (−14.0)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
NBR
LWP
4.2×10−6 (−53.8)
3.0×10−2 (0.13)
4.2×10−6 (−53.8)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
4.2×10−6 (−53.8)
5.0×10−2 (0.22)
4.2×10−6 (−53.8)
6.0×10−2 (0.27)
4.0×10−2 (−14.0)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
NBR
SWP
4.2×10−4 (−33.8)
3.0×10−2 (0.13)
4.0×10−4 (−34.0)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
3.0×10−4 (−35.2)
5.0×10−2 (0.22)
2.0×10−4 (−36.9)
6.0×10−2 (0.27)
1.0×10−2 (−19.9)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
LWP
NBR
4.2×10−4 (−33.8)
3.0×10−2 (0.13)
1.0×10−4 (−40.0)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
1.0×10−4 (−39.9)
5.0×10−2 (0.22)
1.0×10−4 (−39.9)
6.0×10−2 (0.27)
1.0×10−2 (−19.8)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
LWP
LWP
4.2×10−6 (−53.8)
3.0×10−2 (0.13)
1.0×10−1 (−9.9)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
1.0×10−1 (−10.0)
5.0×10−2 (0.27)
1.0×10−1 (−10.0)
6.×10−2 (0.27)
1.0×10−2 (−19.9)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
LWP
SWP
1.1×10−2 (−19.8)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
2.0×10−4 (−37.0)
6.0×10−2 (0.27)
3.0×10−4 (−35.2)
5.0×10−2 (0.27)
4.2×10−4 (−33.8)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
4.2×10−4 (−33.8)
3.0×10−2 (0.13)
NBR, narrow-band reflector; LWP, long-wavelength-pass filter; SWP, short-wavelength-pass filter. Reflection region: ρλ = 0.99, τλ = 0.01 Transmission region: ρλ = 0.01, τλ = 0.99. Three reflections are assumed; values in parentheses are in decibels.
Table II
Calculated and Experimentally Measured IL’s at λ1, = 632.8 nm and CT with λ2 = 687.0 nm for Two Different Types of Filter Combinationa
No. of reflections
LWP - SWP coatings
SWP - SWP coatings and 5 mm RG632 glass
IL calculated
IL measured
CT calculated
CT measured
IL calculated
IL measured
CT calculated
CT measured
1
2.0×10−2 (0.09)
2.0×10−2 (0.09)
9.9×10−1 (−0.04)
9.9×10−1 (−0.04)
2.0×10−2 (0.09)
2.0×10−2 (0.09)
2.0×10−2 (−17.0)
4.6×10−3 (−23.4)
3
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
1.1×10−1 (0.51)
2.0×10−2 (−17.0)
1.4×10−2 (−18.5)
6.0×10−2 (0.27)
5.0×10−2 (0.22)
8.0×10−6 (−51.0)
–
5
6.0×10−2 (0.27)
1.0×10−1 (0.46)
4.0×10−4 (−34.0)
3.0×10−4 (−35.2)
1.0×10−1 (0.46)
7.0×10−2 (0.32)
3.0×10−9 (−85.2)
–
7
8.0×10−2 (0.36)
9.0×10−2 (0.41)
8.0×10−6 (−51.0)
–
1.4×10−1 (0.66)
7.0×10−2 (0.32)
1.0×10−12 (−120.0)
–
9
1.0×10−1 (0.46)
1.0×10−1 (0.46)
1.6×10−7 (−68.0)
–
1.7×10−1 (0.81)
9.0×10−2 (0.41)
5.0×10−16 (−153.0)
–
LWP, long-wavelength-pass filter; SWP, short-wavelength-pass filter. Values in parentheses are in decibels.
Tables (2)
Table I
Theoretical Values of the CCT and IL’s for Signals of Different Wavelengths for a Multiplexer of the Type Shown in Fig. 2 with Different Combinations of Filters 1 and 2a
Filters
λ1
λ2
λ3
λ4
λ5
1
2
CT
IL
CT
IL
CT
IL
CT
IL
CT
IL
NBR
NBR
4.2×10−6 (−53.8)
3.0×10−2 (0.13)
3.1×10−6 (−55.1)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
2.1×10−6 (−56.8)
5.0×10−2 (0.22)
1.0×10−6 (−59.9)
6.0×10−2 (0.27)
4.0×10−2 (−14.0)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
NBR
LWP
4.2×10−6 (−53.8)
3.0×10−2 (0.13)
4.2×10−6 (−53.8)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
4.2×10−6 (−53.8)
5.0×10−2 (0.22)
4.2×10−6 (−53.8)
6.0×10−2 (0.27)
4.0×10−2 (−14.0)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
NBR
SWP
4.2×10−4 (−33.8)
3.0×10−2 (0.13)
4.0×10−4 (−34.0)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
3.0×10−4 (−35.2)
5.0×10−2 (0.22)
2.0×10−4 (−36.9)
6.0×10−2 (0.27)
1.0×10−2 (−19.9)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
LWP
NBR
4.2×10−4 (−33.8)
3.0×10−2 (0.13)
1.0×10−4 (−40.0)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
1.0×10−4 (−39.9)
5.0×10−2 (0.22)
1.0×10−4 (−39.9)
6.0×10−2 (0.27)
1.0×10−2 (−19.8)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
LWP
LWP
4.2×10−6 (−53.8)
3.0×10−2 (0.13)
1.0×10−1 (−9.9)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
1.0×10−1 (−10.0)
5.0×10−2 (0.27)
1.0×10−1 (−10.0)
6.×10−2 (0.27)
1.0×10−2 (−19.9)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
LWP
SWP
1.1×10−2 (−19.8)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
2.0×10−4 (−37.0)
6.0×10−2 (0.27)
3.0×10−4 (−35.2)
5.0×10−2 (0.27)
4.2×10−4 (−33.8)
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
4.2×10−4 (−33.8)
3.0×10−2 (0.13)
NBR, narrow-band reflector; LWP, long-wavelength-pass filter; SWP, short-wavelength-pass filter. Reflection region: ρλ = 0.99, τλ = 0.01 Transmission region: ρλ = 0.01, τλ = 0.99. Three reflections are assumed; values in parentheses are in decibels.
Table II
Calculated and Experimentally Measured IL’s at λ1, = 632.8 nm and CT with λ2 = 687.0 nm for Two Different Types of Filter Combinationa
No. of reflections
LWP - SWP coatings
SWP - SWP coatings and 5 mm RG632 glass
IL calculated
IL measured
CT calculated
CT measured
IL calculated
IL measured
CT calculated
CT measured
1
2.0×10−2 (0.09)
2.0×10−2 (0.09)
9.9×10−1 (−0.04)
9.9×10−1 (−0.04)
2.0×10−2 (0.09)
2.0×10−2 (0.09)
2.0×10−2 (−17.0)
4.6×10−3 (−23.4)
3
4.0×10−2 (0.18)
1.1×10−1 (0.51)
2.0×10−2 (−17.0)
1.4×10−2 (−18.5)
6.0×10−2 (0.27)
5.0×10−2 (0.22)
8.0×10−6 (−51.0)
–
5
6.0×10−2 (0.27)
1.0×10−1 (0.46)
4.0×10−4 (−34.0)
3.0×10−4 (−35.2)
1.0×10−1 (0.46)
7.0×10−2 (0.32)
3.0×10−9 (−85.2)
–
7
8.0×10−2 (0.36)
9.0×10−2 (0.41)
8.0×10−6 (−51.0)
–
1.4×10−1 (0.66)
7.0×10−2 (0.32)
1.0×10−12 (−120.0)
–
9
1.0×10−1 (0.46)
1.0×10−1 (0.46)
1.6×10−7 (−68.0)
–
1.7×10−1 (0.81)
9.0×10−2 (0.41)
5.0×10−16 (−153.0)
–
LWP, long-wavelength-pass filter; SWP, short-wavelength-pass filter. Values in parentheses are in decibels.