Abstract

A method for measuring the mode-index ratio n of two regions of a planar waveguide with an accuracy of better than 2 in 10⁵ is presented. Simple and reliable techniques were utilized to produce two contiguous waveguides, with different refractive indices, on a common substrate. The two waveguiding regions were fabricated both in LiNbO₃ and in BK-7 glass by using titanium indiffusion followed by a proton-exchange (TIPE) process and a two-step Ag⁺/Na⁺ ion-exchange technique, respectively. The measured mode-index ratios obtained by our method agreed well with values obtained with the conventional prism-coupling technique.

© 1992 Optical Society of America

Fabrication and characterization of titanium-indiffused proton-exchanged optical waveguides in Y-LiNbO₃

A. L. Dawar, S. M. Al-Shukri, R. M. De La Rue, A. C. G. Nutt, and G. Stewart
Appl. Opt. 25(9) 1495-1498 (1986)

Recovery of refractive-index profiles of planar graded-index waveguides from measured mode indices: an iteration method

Bao Xue Chen, Hiromi Hamanaka, and Kokuya Iwamura
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 9(8) 1301-1305 (1992)

Refractive index profiling of an optical waveguide from the determination of the effective index with measured differential fields

Wan-Shao Tsai, San-Yu Ting, and Pei-Kuen Wei
Opt. Express 20(24) 26766-26777 (2012)

Modal coupling analysis for integrated optical components in glass and lithium niobate

J. Liñares, G. C. Righini, and J. E. Alvarellos
Appl. Opt. 31(25) 5292-5298 (1992)

Titanium-indiffused proton-exchanged waveguide lenses in LiNbO₃ for optical information processing

D. Y. Zang and C. S. Tsai
Appl. Opt. 25(14) 2264-2271 (1986)