Block-quantized binary-phase holograms for optical interconnection

Myung Soo Kim; Clark C. Guest

doi:10.1364/AO.32.000678

Applied Optics
Vol. 32,
Issue 5,
pp. 678-683
(1993)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.32.000678

Block-quantized binary-phase holograms for optical interconnection

Myung Soo Kim and Clark C. Guest

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Myung Soo Kim and Clark C. Guest, "Block-quantized binary-phase holograms for optical interconnection," Appl. Opt. 32, 678-683 (1993)

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Abstract

A block-quantized binary-phase hologram consisting of a binary-phase hologram and a phase mask is investigated for use in optical interconnection. A simulated annealing algorithm is used to determine the phase pattern of the binary hologram and the phase of the mask required to achieve high diffraction efficiency and suppression of unwanted spots. Block-quantized binary-phase holograms encoded with the simulated annealing algorithm are fabricated using electron-beam lithography and chemical etching. The results from the optical experiments that use these holograms agree well with those from the computer simulations.

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Spot Array	Phase (rad)		TDE (%)	DE (%)	INU (%)	SR

	ϕ₁	ϕ₂
Fig. 2(a)	0.28	4.35	88.1	29.4	3.2
Fig. 2(b)	1.03	1.72	75.2	37.6	0.3	17.2
Fig. 2(c)	4.93	5.32	56.0	28.0	7.5	3.9
Fig. 3(a)	4.26	4.30	75.6	8.4	7.9
Fig. 3(b)	2.38	4.31	63.0	10.5	5.7	111.7
Fig. 3(c)	4.26	4.55	52.8	8.8	1.9	1.7
Fig. 4(a)	2.92	0	75.2	6.84	4.4
Fig. 4(b)	2.69	1.06	41.1	6.85	7.3	3.6
Fig. 4(c)	3.46	0.90	44.7	6.39	4.7	2.4
Fig. 4(d)	2.54	1.12	40.4	10.1	3.0	5.0

Spot Array	Calculated		Measured

	D₁	D₂	D₂	D₂
Fig. 4(b)	5830	2300	6000 ± 400	2400 ± 200
Fig. 4(c)	7500	1950	6800 ± 400	1800 ± 200
Fig. 4(d)	5500	2430	5000 ± 200	2600 ± 200

Spot Array	Phase (rad)		TDE (%)	DE (%)	INU (%)	SR

	ϕ₁	ϕ₂
Fig. 2(a)	0.28	4.35	88.1	29.4	3.2
Fig. 2(b)	1.03	1.72	75.2	37.6	0.3	17.2
Fig. 2(c)	4.93	5.32	56.0	28.0	7.5	3.9
Fig. 3(a)	4.26	4.30	75.6	8.4	7.9
Fig. 3(b)	2.38	4.31	63.0	10.5	5.7	111.7
Fig. 3(c)	4.26	4.55	52.8	8.8	1.9	1.7
Fig. 4(a)	2.92	0	75.2	6.84	4.4
Fig. 4(b)	2.69	1.06	41.1	6.85	7.3	3.6
Fig. 4(c)	3.46	0.90	44.7	6.39	4.7	2.4
Fig. 4(d)	2.54	1.12	40.4	10.1	3.0	5.0

Spot Array	Calculated		Measured

	D₁	D₂	D₂	D₂
Fig. 4(b)	5830	2300	6000 ± 400	2400 ± 200
Fig. 4(c)	7500	1950	6800 ± 400	1800 ± 200
Fig. 4(d)	5500	2430	5000 ± 200	2600 ± 200

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Applied Optics