Lyman A. Page, Edward S. Cheng, Boris Golubovic, Joshua Gundersen, and Stephan S. Meyer, "Millimeter–submillimeter wavelength filter system," Appl. Opt. 33, 11-23 (1994)
We describe the design, fabrication, measurement, and performance of a set of cryogenic millimeter–submillimeter wavelength filters used in a balloonborne bolometric radiometer. The set contains single resonant mesh grids used as dichroic beam splitters, resonant meshes in a double quarter-wave configuration, a commercial inductive grid filter, and high-frequency blocking filters. The resultant system has passbands at λ = 1.73, 1.05, 0.61, 0.44 mm with δλ/λ = 0.23, 0.23, 0.12, 0.06. Limits on high-frequency leakage are deduced from laboratory measurements and from the analysis of flight data. The filter set response to three different sources of radiation is presented to show the method and limitations of our characterization. The key element of the filter system is a resonant periodic array of cross-shaped holes etched in thin aluminum. We give an empirical scaling law for the resonant wavelength as a function of structure parameters for aluminum on 25-μm-thick Mylar. Plots of the transmittance for normally incident radiation and the transmittance and reflectance for a 45° incident radiation are presented.
Shinji Sato, Satio Hayakawa, Toshio Matsumoto, Hiroshi Matsuo, Hiroshi Murakami, Kiyomi Sakai, Andrew E. Lange, and Paul L. Richards Appl. Opt. 28(20) 4478-4481 (1989)
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ICM’s are numbered in increasing frequency as in Fig. 4.
νres is the frequency of maximum response ±0.15 cm−1. T is the peak transmission ±0.03. L, g, a, b are the grid parameters as defined in Fig. 1. They are measured in micrometers. Estimated errors are ±5 μm for dimensions > 100 μm and ±3 μm for dimensions of < 100 μm.
ICM’s are numbered as in Table 1.
All dimensions are in micrometers.
Mylar thickness, 25 μm.
Mylar thickness, 2.5 μm.
There is considerable error in the prediction caused by the scatter in the data. It is not clear for which grids which of the three mentioned Mylar thicknesses, 1.5, 10, 15 μm, is used. The values above are from Fig. 6 of Ref. 21.
Ref. 21.
Ref. 17.
Fluorogold and black polyethylene are at 4.2 K, polyethylene is at 100 K, and polypropylene is at ambient temperature. Some transmissions are greater than 1 − (n − 1)2/(n + 1)2, where n is the index, because of constructive interference. The values quoted are for the average transmission.
The radiation on the dichroics is incident at 45°; T denotes the transmission and R the reflection. The ICM characteristics are given in Table 1. The values are for peak transmission.
These filters are shown in Fig. 7. The values are for the peak transmission.
Cochise is a commercial inductive mesh filter.15
Product of the column entries. It does not include the coupling to the bolometers (≈ 0.7) or the efficiency of the lightguide (≈ 0.5), both of which are frequency dependent.
Defined in text: full-band − in-band = out-of-band.
dCMB/dT is the derivative of the Planck function evaluated at T = 2.735, dRJ/dT is the derivative of a Rayleigh–Jeans emitter, and dν2RJ/dT is simply ν2 times dRJ/dT. The units of all are in W/cm2 sr K.
The value is 100× full-band response minus in-band response divided by in-band response.
The value for data analysis includes our estimate of the proper weighting for the in-band and out-of-band integrals as discussed in Section 7.
ICM’s are numbered in increasing frequency as in Fig. 4.
νres is the frequency of maximum response ±0.15 cm−1. T is the peak transmission ±0.03. L, g, a, b are the grid parameters as defined in Fig. 1. They are measured in micrometers. Estimated errors are ±5 μm for dimensions > 100 μm and ±3 μm for dimensions of < 100 μm.
ICM’s are numbered as in Table 1.
All dimensions are in micrometers.
Mylar thickness, 25 μm.
Mylar thickness, 2.5 μm.
There is considerable error in the prediction caused by the scatter in the data. It is not clear for which grids which of the three mentioned Mylar thicknesses, 1.5, 10, 15 μm, is used. The values above are from Fig. 6 of Ref. 21.
Ref. 21.
Ref. 17.
Fluorogold and black polyethylene are at 4.2 K, polyethylene is at 100 K, and polypropylene is at ambient temperature. Some transmissions are greater than 1 − (n − 1)2/(n + 1)2, where n is the index, because of constructive interference. The values quoted are for the average transmission.
The radiation on the dichroics is incident at 45°; T denotes the transmission and R the reflection. The ICM characteristics are given in Table 1. The values are for peak transmission.
These filters are shown in Fig. 7. The values are for the peak transmission.
Cochise is a commercial inductive mesh filter.15
Product of the column entries. It does not include the coupling to the bolometers (≈ 0.7) or the efficiency of the lightguide (≈ 0.5), both of which are frequency dependent.
Defined in text: full-band − in-band = out-of-band.
dCMB/dT is the derivative of the Planck function evaluated at T = 2.735, dRJ/dT is the derivative of a Rayleigh–Jeans emitter, and dν2RJ/dT is simply ν2 times dRJ/dT. The units of all are in W/cm2 sr K.
The value is 100× full-band response minus in-band response divided by in-band response.
The value for data analysis includes our estimate of the proper weighting for the in-band and out-of-band integrals as discussed in Section 7.
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