Gerald Wetzel,
Herbert Fischer,
and Hermann Oelhaf
The authors are with the Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung, Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Universität Karlsruhe, Postfach 3640, D–76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
Gerald Wetzel, Herbert Fischer, and Hermann Oelhaf, "Remote sensing of trace gases in the midinfrared spectral region from a nadir view," Appl. Opt. 34, 467-479 (1995)
High-resolution IR remote-sensing measurements from space by means of a nadir-viewing geometry are particularly suited to the detection of trace gases and yield high temporal and horizontal resolutions on a global scale. To identify the potential of such a technique, an extensive feasibility study has been performed. The column amount of some trace gases, namely H2O, CH4, N2O, CO, and O3, may be determined with accuracies of approximately 10%. In addition, some information on the vertical distribution of these species is also possible. Concerning CFC-12, an accuracy of 10%–20% may be expected. Furthermore, it is believed that column amounts can be derived with an accuracy of 20% for HNO3, and 50% for species like NO2, OCS, and CFC-11.
Cathy Clerbaux, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Sébastien Payan, Claude Camy-Peyret, Jinxue Wang, David P. Edwards, and Ming Luo Appl. Opt. 41(33) 7068-7078 (2002)
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Blank entries indicate that it is not possible to derive information about a molecule at the stratospheric layer given.
The NESR is dependent on the frequency from 10−9 W/(cm2 sr cm−1) at ν = 2200 cm−1 to 1.5 × 10−8 W/(cm2 sr cm−1) at ν = 800 cm−1.
The calibration error (radiance) is dependent on the frequency from 1% at ν = 800 cm−1 to 3% at ν = 2200 cm−1.
The errors of the spectroscopic parameters S and α, respectively, are 5%–10% for both for H2O, 2%–5% and 2%–10% for CH4, 2%–8% and 5%–10% for N2O, 5%–10% and 10%–15% for O3, and 2%–5% and 5%–10% for CO2. The error in σ for CCl2F2 is 10%–25%.
The rms error in the temperature profile is 2.0 K; the surface-temperature bias is 1.0 K.
The bias error in the temperature profile is 0.5 K; the surface-temperature bias is 1.0 K.
The error after elimination of the surface-temperature error that is due to fitting for the continuum.
Table 2
Nadir-Sounding Measurements: Detectability of Less-Abundant Trace Gases (Valid for the Central Regions of the Features Selected)
In this spectral interval, no CCl3F features are separable and only continuum contributions are seen.
Measurements at this spectral resolution are not absolutely necessary because the contributions of this species are contained within the continuum.
The SNR values given are valid for both features.
Tables (2)
Table 1
Nadir-Sounding Measurements: Detectability of Trace Gases at a Spectral Resolution of Δν = 0.1 cm−1 (Valid for Selected Features)
Molecule
Measurement-Suitable Spectral Regions (cm−1)
Vertical Resolution
Percent Error from Various Sources in the Trace-Gas Concentration
Values
Blank entries indicate that it is not possible to derive information about a molecule at the stratospheric layer given.
The NESR is dependent on the frequency from 10−9 W/(cm2 sr cm−1) at ν = 2200 cm−1 to 1.5 × 10−8 W/(cm2 sr cm−1) at ν = 800 cm−1.
The calibration error (radiance) is dependent on the frequency from 1% at ν = 800 cm−1 to 3% at ν = 2200 cm−1.
The errors of the spectroscopic parameters S and α, respectively, are 5%–10% for both for H2O, 2%–5% and 2%–10% for CH4, 2%–8% and 5%–10% for N2O, 5%–10% and 10%–15% for O3, and 2%–5% and 5%–10% for CO2. The error in σ for CCl2F2 is 10%–25%.
The rms error in the temperature profile is 2.0 K; the surface-temperature bias is 1.0 K.
The bias error in the temperature profile is 0.5 K; the surface-temperature bias is 1.0 K.
The error after elimination of the surface-temperature error that is due to fitting for the continuum.
Table 2
Nadir-Sounding Measurements: Detectability of Less-Abundant Trace Gases (Valid for the Central Regions of the Features Selected)
In this spectral interval, no CCl3F features are separable and only continuum contributions are seen.
Measurements at this spectral resolution are not absolutely necessary because the contributions of this species are contained within the continuum.
The SNR values given are valid for both features.
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