Mode-volume and pump-power limitations in injection-locked TEM<sub>00</sub> Nd:YAG rod lasers

Matthew P. Murdough; Craig A. Denman

doi:10.1364/AO.35.005925

Applied Optics
Vol. 35,
Issue 30,
pp. 5925-5936
(1996)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.35.005925

Mode-volume and pump-power limitations in injection-locked TEM₀₀ Nd:YAG rod lasers

Matthew P. Murdough and Craig A. Denman

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Matthew P. Murdough and Craig A. Denman, "Mode-volume and pump-power limitations in injection-locked TEM₀₀ Nd:YAG rod lasers," Appl. Opt. 35, 5925-5936 (1996)

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Abstract

Stress-induced birefringence in cw-pumped Nd:YAG rods create stability limitations on the TEM₀₀ polarized mode of a resonant cavity. We present and verify experimentally a thermo-optical model describing a ring cavity containing a birefringent cw-pumped Nd:YAG rod. We use the model, along with experimental evidence, to show that a fundamental TEM₀₀ mode size and pump-power limitation exists for any cw-pumped Nd:YAG laser, implying a maximum allowable TEM₀₀ output. We show that the largest TEM₀₀ mode radius that can be supported in the rod is approximately 1.1 mm and is independent of the physical size of the rod.

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Pump Head Manufacturer and Model	Lamp Power Pump Curve P_l = mI + b	Rod Length and Diameter (mm)	Rod Doping (at. % Nd)	β_ϕ (×10⁻⁸/W cm²) (±1)	η_T (%) (±0.1)
1, Lab-built dual-lamp 4-in. (10-cm) gold reflector	m = 316 W/A	100 × 4	0.64	28	1.0
1, Lab-built dual-lamp 4-in. (10-cm) gold reflector	b = −2360 W	100 × 4	0.80	34.5	1.2
		100 × 4	1.10	42.5	1.5
2, Kigre single-lamp 6 in. (15 cm) close coupled	m = 230 W/A	150 × 5	0.80	34.5	3.6
2, Kigre single-lamp 6 in. (15 cm) close coupled	b = −796 W
3, Kigre dual-lamp 6 in. (15 cm) close coupled	m = 476 W/A	150 × 5	0.80	28	2.9
3, Kigre dual-lamp 6 in. (15 cm) close coupled	b = −1897 W
4, Granit dual-lamp 6-in. (15-cm) gold reflector	m = 474 W/A	150 × 5	0.80	16	1.7
4, Granit dual-lamp 6-in. (15-cm) gold reflector	b = −1647 W

Case	Cavity Length (cm)	Rod Distance from Coupler (cm)	Intracavity Lens Focal Length (cm)	Lens Distance from Rod (cm)	TEM₀₀ Radius in the Rod (mm)
1	120	20	None	NAa	0.75
2	120	20	−20	50	0.91
3	120	20	−15	50	1.01
4	120	20	−10	50	1.17

Pump Head Manufacturer and Model	Lamp Power Pump Curve P_l = mI + b	Rod Length and Diameter (mm)	Rod Doping (at. % Nd)	β_ϕ (×10⁻⁸/W cm²) (±1)	η_T (%) (±0.1)
1, Lab-built dual-lamp 4-in. (10-cm) gold reflector	m = 316 W/A	100 × 4	0.64	28	1.0
1, Lab-built dual-lamp 4-in. (10-cm) gold reflector	b = −2360 W	100 × 4	0.80	34.5	1.2
		100 × 4	1.10	42.5	1.5
2, Kigre single-lamp 6 in. (15 cm) close coupled	m = 230 W/A	150 × 5	0.80	34.5	3.6
2, Kigre single-lamp 6 in. (15 cm) close coupled	b = −796 W
3, Kigre dual-lamp 6 in. (15 cm) close coupled	m = 476 W/A	150 × 5	0.80	28	2.9
3, Kigre dual-lamp 6 in. (15 cm) close coupled	b = −1897 W
4, Granit dual-lamp 6-in. (15-cm) gold reflector	m = 474 W/A	150 × 5	0.80	16	1.7
4, Granit dual-lamp 6-in. (15-cm) gold reflector	b = −1647 W

Case	Cavity Length (cm)	Rod Distance from Coupler (cm)	Intracavity Lens Focal Length (cm)	Lens Distance from Rod (cm)	TEM₀₀ Radius in the Rod (mm)
1	120	20	None	NAa	0.75
2	120	20	−20	50	0.91
3	120	20	−15	50	1.01
4	120	20	−10	50	1.17

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