Abstract

We study and analyze properties underlying the visual appearance of materials such as the surface bidirectional reflection distribution function and texture. The spatial distribution of scattered light in relation to the incident light determines the surface appearance and can be partly specified by the bidirectional reflection distribution function, which is defined as the directionally dependent ratio of radiance to irradiance. We perform gonioradiometric measurements on samples of bricks and tiles. To describe the reflection mechanisms in the surfaces under study, we combine models of specular and diffuse reflectance from rough surfaces and fit them to the experimental data. We also collect images and determine the textural differences in the surface appearance, resulting from the variation in the illumination direction and the viewing directions.

© 1997 Optical Society of America

Diffuse and Specular Reflectance from Rough Surfaces

Bram van Ginneken, Marigo Stavridi, and Jan J. Koenderink
Appl. Opt. 37(1) 130-139 (1998)

Instrument to measure the bidirectional reflectance distribution function of surfaces

Kenneth J. Voss, Albert Chapin, Marco Monti, and Hao Zhang
Appl. Opt. 39(33) 6197-6206 (2000)

Optical properties (bidirectional reflection distribution functions) of velvet

Rong Lu, Jan J. Koenderink, and Astrid M. L. Kappers
Appl. Opt. 37(25) 5974-5984 (1998)

Optical properties (bidirectional reflectance distribution function) of shot fabric

Rong Lu, Jan J. Koenderink, and Astrid M. L. Kappers
Appl. Opt. 39(31) 5785-5795 (2000)

Bidirectional reflectance distribution function of Spectralon white reflectance standard illuminated by incoherent unpolarized and plane-polarized light

Anak Bhandari, Børge Hamre, Øvynd Frette, Lu Zhao, Jakob J. Stamnes, and Morten Kildemo
Appl. Opt. 50(16) 2431-2442 (2011)