Multibeam long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy instrument: a device for simultaneous measurements along multiple light paths

Irene Pundt; Kai Uwe Mettendorf

doi:10.1364/AO.44.004985

Applied Optics
Vol. 44,
Issue 23,
pp. 4985-4994
(2005)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.44.004985

Multibeam long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy instrument: a device for simultaneous measurements along multiple light paths

Irene Pundt and Kai Uwe Mettendorf

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Irene Pundt and Kai Uwe Mettendorf, "Multibeam long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy instrument: a device for simultaneous measurements along multiple light paths," Appl. Opt. 44, 4985-4994 (2005)

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Abstract

A novel long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) apparatus for measuring tropospheric trace gases and the first results from its use are presented: We call it the multibeam instrument. It is the first active DOAS device that emits several light beams simultaneously through only one telescope and with only one lamp as a light source, allowing simultaneous measurement along multiple light paths. In contrast to conventional DOAS instruments, several small mirrors are positioned near the lamp, creating multiple virtual light sources that emit one light beam each in one specific direction. The possibility of error due to scattering between the light beams is negligible. The trace-gas detection limits of NO₂, SO₂, O₃, and H₂CO are similar to those of the traditional long-path DOAS instrument.

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Error Sources	Relative Structure 1σ (10⁻³)	Detection Limits

		NO₂ (ppbv)^a	SO₂ (ppbv)	O₃ (ppbv)	H₂CO (ppbv)
Electronic noise^b	<0.01	<0.003	<0.001	<0.04	<0.005
Photon noise^b	0.16	0.05	0.02	0.60	0.08
Scattered light spectrometer^c,^d	<0.1–0.3	0.10–0.31	0.03–0.10	1.1–3.4	0.15–0.46
Optical structures^e	0.1–1	0.10–1.02	0.03–0.33	1.1–11.2	0.15–1.53
Scattered light telescope^d	<0.03	<0.03	<0.01	<0.34	<0.05
Total	0.2–1	0.2–1.02	0.07–0.33	2.2–11.2	0.3–1.5

Species	Source	Relative Error (%)	Resolution	Reference
NO₂	FTS^a	±3.5	0.5–1 cm⁻¹	18
HONO	GRAT^b	±5	0.1 nm	19
H₂CO	GRAT	±5	0.01 nm	20
O₃	FTS	±3–7	5 cm⁻¹	21
O₄	FTS		2 cm⁻¹	22
SO₂	FTS	±2.4	2 cm⁻¹	23

Species	Axis Intercept/Offset (ppbv)	Slope	Residual 1σ (10⁻³)	Detection Limit (ppbv)
Beam 1
NO₂	1.54	0.97	0.55	0.86
SO₂	−0.04	0.96	0.55	0.28
O₃	−2.16	0.97	0.55	9.48
H₂CO	−0.006	0.97	0.55	1.27
Beam 2
NO₂	−0.28	1.01	0.75	1.18
SO₂	0.02	0.99	0.75	0.38
O₃	0.53	1.02	0.75	12.95
H₂CO	−0.002	0.98	0.75	1.73
Beam 3
NO₂	−1.29	1.03	0.56	0.88
SO₂	0.01	1.05	0.56	0.28
O₃	1.59	1.01	0.56	9.65
H₂CO	0.007	1.04	0.56	1.29

Error Sources	Relative Structure 1σ (10⁻³)	Detection Limits

		NO₂ (ppbv)^a	SO₂ (ppbv)	O₃ (ppbv)	H₂CO (ppbv)
Electronic noise^b	<0.01	<0.003	<0.001	<0.04	<0.005
Photon noise^b	0.16	0.05	0.02	0.60	0.08
Scattered light spectrometer^c,^d	<0.1–0.3	0.10–0.31	0.03–0.10	1.1–3.4	0.15–0.46
Optical structures^e	0.1–1	0.10–1.02	0.03–0.33	1.1–11.2	0.15–1.53
Scattered light telescope^d	<0.03	<0.03	<0.01	<0.34	<0.05
Total	0.2–1	0.2–1.02	0.07–0.33	2.2–11.2	0.3–1.5

Species	Source	Relative Error (%)	Resolution	Reference
NO₂	FTS^a	±3.5	0.5–1 cm⁻¹	18
HONO	GRAT^b	±5	0.1 nm	19
H₂CO	GRAT	±5	0.01 nm	20
O₃	FTS	±3–7	5 cm⁻¹	21
O₄	FTS		2 cm⁻¹	22
SO₂	FTS	±2.4	2 cm⁻¹	23

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