Time-resolved spectroscopy measurements of hydrogen-alpha, -beta, and -gamma emissions

Christian G. Parigger; Matthew Dackman; James O. Hornkohl

doi:10.1364/AO.47.0000G1

Applied Optics
Vol. 47,
Issue 31,
pp. G1-G6
(2008)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.47.0000G1

Time-resolved spectroscopy measurements of hydrogen-alpha, -beta, and -gamma emissions

Christian G. Parigger, Matthew Dackman, and James O. Hornkohl

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Christian G. Parigger, Matthew Dackman, and James O. Hornkohl, "Time-resolved spectroscopy measurements of hydrogen-alpha, -beta, and -gamma emissions," Appl. Opt. 47, G1-G6 (2008)

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Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Line shapes and shifts (020.3690)
- Laser-induced breakdown (140.3440)
- Plasmas (350.5400)
- Spectroscopy, atomic (300.6210)
- Spectroscopy, molecular (300.6390)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: April 2, 2008
- Manuscript Accepted: May 28, 2008
- Published: July 16, 2008

Abstract

Hydrogen emission spectroscopy results are reported following laser-induced optical breakdown with infrared Nd:YAG laser radiation focused into a pulsed methane flow. Measurements of Stark-broadened atomic hydrogen-alpha, -beta, and -gamma lines show electron number densities of 0.3 to $4 \times 10^{17} {cm}^{- 3}$ for time delays of 2.1 to $0.4 μs$ after laser-induced optical breakdown. In methane flow, recombination molecular spectra of the $Δ ν = + 2$ progression of the $C_{2}$ Swan system are discernable in the $H_{β}$ and $H_{γ}$ plasma emissions within the first few microseconds. The recorded atomic spectra indicate the occurrence of hydrogen self-absorption for pulsed ${CH}_{4}$ flow pressures of $2.7 \times 10^{5} Pa$ ( $25 psig$ ) and $6.5 \times 10^{5} Pa$ ( $80 psig$ ).

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$t_{delay}$ [ $μs$ ]	$2.7 \times 10^{5} Pa$ : width [nm]	$N_{e}$ [ $10^{17} {cm}^{- 3}$ ]	$6.5 \times 10^{5} Pa$ : width [nm]	$N_{e}$ [ $10^{17} {cm}^{- 3}$ ]
0.4	$11.0 \pm 2.0$	$3.3 \pm 0.8$	$10.4 \pm 2.0$	$3.0 \pm 0.8$
0.5	$10.7 \pm 2.0$	$2.8 \pm 0.7$	$9.5 \pm 2.0$	$2.8 \pm 0.7$
0.6	$8.7 \pm 1.5$	$2.5 \pm 0.6$	$8.6 \pm 1.5$	$2.5 \pm 0.6$
0.7	$8.1 \pm 1.5$	$2.1 \pm 0.5$	$7.8 \pm 1.5$	$2.1 \pm 0.5$
0.8	$7.6 \pm 1.5$	$1.7 \pm 0.4$	$6.7 \pm 1.5$	$1.3 \pm 0.4$
0.9	$6.7 \pm 1.5$	$1.4 \pm 0.4$	$6.3 \pm 1.5$	$1.3 \pm 0.4$
1.0	$6.2 \pm 1.5$	$1.3 \pm 0.4$	$6.2 \pm 1.5$	$1.1 \pm 0.4$
1.1	$6.0 \pm 1.0$	$1.2 \pm 0.3$	$5.8 \pm 1.0$	$0.98 \pm 0.3$
1.2	$5.8 \pm 1.0$	$1.1 \pm 0.3$	$5.5 \pm 1.0$	$0.92 \pm 0.3$
1.3	$5.6 \pm 1.0$	$1.0 \pm 0.3$	$5.4 \pm 1.0$	$0.79 \pm 0.3$
1.4	$5.3 \pm 1.0$	$0.87 \pm 0.3$	$5.1 \pm 1.0$	$0.75 \pm 0.3$
1.5	$5.2 \pm 1.0$	$0.75 \pm 0.3$	$5.1 \pm 1.0$	$0.69 \pm 0.3$
1.6	$5.0 \pm 1.0$	$0.68 \pm 0.2$	$4.7 \pm 1.0$	$0.63 \pm 0.3$
1.7	$5.0 \pm 1.0$	$0.67 \pm 0.2$	$5.0 \pm 1.0$	$0.61 \pm 0.3$
1.8	$5.0 \pm 1.0$	$0.62 \pm 0.2$	$4.6 \pm 1.0$	$0.56 \pm 0.3$
1.9	$5.0 \pm 1.0$	$0.56 \pm 0.15$	$4.4 \pm 1.0$	$0.51 \pm 0.3$
2.0	$4.7 \pm 1.0$	$0.52 \pm 0.15$	$3.6 \pm 1.0$	$0.46 \pm 0.4$
2.1	$4.6 \pm 1.0$	$0.48 \pm 0.15$	$3.6 \pm 1.0$	$0.43 \pm 0.4$

$t_{delay}$ [ $μs$ ]	$2.7 \times 10^{5} Pa$ : width [nm]	$N_{e}$ [ $10^{17} {cm}^{- 3}$ ]	$6.5 \times 10^{5} Pa$ : width [nm]	$N_{e}$ [ $10^{17} {cm}^{- 3}$ ]
0.4	$10.0 \pm 0.9$	$3.1 \pm 0.8$	$10.0 \pm 0.5$	$3.0 \pm 0.8$
0.5	$9.0 \pm 0.8$	$2.7 \pm 0.7$	$8.7 \pm 0.5$	$2.6 \pm 0.7$
0.6	$8.1 \pm 0.7$	$2.5 \pm 0.6$	$7.8 \pm 0.5$	$2.4 \pm 0.6$
0.7	$7.4 \pm 0.5$	$2.3 \pm 0.5$	$7.3 \pm 0.4$	$2.2 \pm 0.5$
0.8	$6.8 \pm 0.4$	$1.6 \pm 0.4$	$6.5 \pm 0.4$	$1.2 \pm 0.4$
0.9	$6.3 \pm 0.4$	$1.4 \pm 0.4$	$5.9 \pm 0.4$	$1.1 \pm 0.4$
1.0	$5.9 \pm 0.4$	$1.3 \pm 0.4$	$5.4 \pm 0.4$	$1.0 \pm 0.4$
1.1	$5.3 \pm 0.4$	$1.2 \pm 0.3$	$5.1 \pm 0.3$	$0.96 \pm 0.3$
1.2	$5.0 \pm 0.3$	$1.1 \pm 0.3$	$4.8 \pm 0.3$	$0.93 \pm 0.3$
1.3	$4.7 \pm 0.3$	$1.3 \pm 0.3$	$4.5 \pm 0.3$	$0.82 \pm 0.3$
1.4	$4.4 \pm 0.3$	$1.0 \pm 0.3$	$4.1 \pm 0.3$	$0.79 \pm 0.3$
1.5	$4.1 \pm 0.3$	$0.8 \pm 0.3$	$3.9 \pm 0.3$	$0.78 \pm 0.3$
1.6	$3.9 \pm 0.3$	$0.78 \pm 0.2$	$3.7 \pm 0.2$	$0.71 \pm 0.3$
1.7	$3.8 \pm 0.3$	$0.79 \pm 0.2$	$3.5 \pm 0.2$	$0.75 \pm 0.3$
1.8	$3.6 \pm 0.2$	$0.77 \pm 0.2$	$3.3 \pm 0.2$	$0.65 \pm 0.3$
1.9	$3.3 \pm 0.2$	$0.66 \pm 0.2$	$3.1 \pm 0.2$	$0.61 \pm 0.3$
2.0	$3.1 \pm 0.2$	$0.61 \pm 0.2$	$2.9 \pm 0.2$	$0.55 \pm 0.4$
2.1	$2.9 \pm 0.2$	$0.57 \pm 0.2$	$2.8 \pm 0.2$	$0.54 \pm 0.4$

$t_{delay}$ [ $μs$ ]	$2.7 \times 10^{5} Pa$ : width [nm]	$N_{e}$ [ $10^{17} {cm}^{- 3}$ ]	$6.5 \times 10^{5} Pa$ : width [nm]	$N_{e}$ [ $10^{17} {cm}^{- 3}$ ]
0.4	$2.8 \pm 0.3$	$3.6 \pm 0.4$	$2.7 \pm 0.3$	$3.0 \pm 0.8$
0.5	$2.4 \pm 0.3$	$3.0 \pm 0.4$	$2.3 \pm 0.3$	$3.0 \pm 0.7$
0.6	$2.1 \pm 0.3$	$2.5 \pm 0.4$	$2.1 \pm 0.3$	$2.5 \pm 0.6$
0.7	$1.9 \pm 0.2$	$2.0 \pm 0.4$	$1.9 \pm 0.2$	$2.0 \pm 0.5$
0.8	$1.7 \pm 0.2$	$1.7 \pm 0.3$	$1.7 \pm 0.2$	$1.6 \pm 0.4$
0.9	$1.6 \pm 0.2$	$1.4 \pm 0.3$	$1.5 \pm 0.2$	$1.4 \pm 0.4$
1.0	$1.4 \pm 0.2$	$1.2 \pm 0.3$	$1.4 \pm 0.2$	$1.2 \pm 0.4$
1.1	$1.3 \pm 0.2$	$1.1 \pm 0.2$	$1.3 \pm 0.2$	$1.0 \pm 0.3$
1.2	$1.2 \pm 0.1$	$0.95 \pm 0.2$	$1.2 \pm 0.2$	$0.91 \pm 0.3$
1.3	$1.1 \pm 0.1$	$0.77 \pm 0.2$	$1.1 \pm 0.1$	$0.76 \pm 0.3$
1.4	$1.0 \pm 0.1$	$0.74 \pm 0.2$	$1.0 \pm 0.1$	$0.71 \pm 0.3$
1.5	$1.0 \pm 0.1$	$0.69 \pm 0.2$	$0.92 \pm 0.1$	$0.62 \pm 0.3$
1.6	$0.89 \pm 0.1$	$0.59 \pm 0.2$	$0.87 \pm 0.1$	$0.56 \pm 0.3$
1.7	$0.86 \pm 0.1$	$0.56 \pm 0.1$	$0.78 \pm 0.1$	$0.48 \pm 0.3$
1.8	$0.79 \pm 0.1$	$0.48 \pm 0.1$	$0.77 \pm 0.1$	$0.47 \pm 0.3$
1.9	$0.77 \pm 0.1$	$0.47 \pm 0.1$	$0.69 \pm 0.1$	$0.40 \pm 0.3$
2.0	$0.73 \pm 0.1$	$0.43 \pm 0.1$	$0.67 \pm 0.1$	$0.38 \pm 0.4$
2.1	$0.70 \pm 0.1$	$0.40 \pm 0.1$	$0.61 \pm 0.1$	$0.33 \pm 0.4$

$t_{delay}$ [ $μs$ ]	$2.7 \times 10^{5} Pa$ : width [nm]	$N_{e}$ [ $10^{17} {cm}^{- 3}$ ]	$6.5 \times 10^{5} Pa$ : width [nm]	$N_{e}$ [ $10^{17} {cm}^{- 3}$ ]
0.4	$11.0 \pm 2.0$	$3.3 \pm 0.8$	$10.4 \pm 2.0$	$3.0 \pm 0.8$
0.5	$10.7 \pm 2.0$	$2.8 \pm 0.7$	$9.5 \pm 2.0$	$2.8 \pm 0.7$
0.6	$8.7 \pm 1.5$	$2.5 \pm 0.6$	$8.6 \pm 1.5$	$2.5 \pm 0.6$
0.7	$8.1 \pm 1.5$	$2.1 \pm 0.5$	$7.8 \pm 1.5$	$2.1 \pm 0.5$
0.8	$7.6 \pm 1.5$	$1.7 \pm 0.4$	$6.7 \pm 1.5$	$1.3 \pm 0.4$
0.9	$6.7 \pm 1.5$	$1.4 \pm 0.4$	$6.3 \pm 1.5$	$1.3 \pm 0.4$
1.0	$6.2 \pm 1.5$	$1.3 \pm 0.4$	$6.2 \pm 1.5$	$1.1 \pm 0.4$
1.1	$6.0 \pm 1.0$	$1.2 \pm 0.3$	$5.8 \pm 1.0$	$0.98 \pm 0.3$
1.2	$5.8 \pm 1.0$	$1.1 \pm 0.3$	$5.5 \pm 1.0$	$0.92 \pm 0.3$
1.3	$5.6 \pm 1.0$	$1.0 \pm 0.3$	$5.4 \pm 1.0$	$0.79 \pm 0.3$
1.4	$5.3 \pm 1.0$	$0.87 \pm 0.3$	$5.1 \pm 1.0$	$0.75 \pm 0.3$
1.5	$5.2 \pm 1.0$	$0.75 \pm 0.3$	$5.1 \pm 1.0$	$0.69 \pm 0.3$
1.6	$5.0 \pm 1.0$	$0.68 \pm 0.2$	$4.7 \pm 1.0$	$0.63 \pm 0.3$
1.7	$5.0 \pm 1.0$	$0.67 \pm 0.2$	$5.0 \pm 1.0$	$0.61 \pm 0.3$
1.8	$5.0 \pm 1.0$	$0.62 \pm 0.2$	$4.6 \pm 1.0$	$0.56 \pm 0.3$
1.9	$5.0 \pm 1.0$	$0.56 \pm 0.15$	$4.4 \pm 1.0$	$0.51 \pm 0.3$
2.0	$4.7 \pm 1.0$	$0.52 \pm 0.15$	$3.6 \pm 1.0$	$0.46 \pm 0.4$
2.1	$4.6 \pm 1.0$	$0.48 \pm 0.15$	$3.6 \pm 1.0$	$0.43 \pm 0.4$

$t_{delay}$ [ $μs$ ]	$2.7 \times 10^{5} Pa$ : width [nm]	$N_{e}$ [ $10^{17} {cm}^{- 3}$ ]	$6.5 \times 10^{5} Pa$ : width [nm]	$N_{e}$ [ $10^{17} {cm}^{- 3}$ ]
0.4	$10.0 \pm 0.9$	$3.1 \pm 0.8$	$10.0 \pm 0.5$	$3.0 \pm 0.8$
0.5	$9.0 \pm 0.8$	$2.7 \pm 0.7$	$8.7 \pm 0.5$	$2.6 \pm 0.7$
0.6	$8.1 \pm 0.7$	$2.5 \pm 0.6$	$7.8 \pm 0.5$	$2.4 \pm 0.6$
0.7	$7.4 \pm 0.5$	$2.3 \pm 0.5$	$7.3 \pm 0.4$	$2.2 \pm 0.5$
0.8	$6.8 \pm 0.4$	$1.6 \pm 0.4$	$6.5 \pm 0.4$	$1.2 \pm 0.4$
0.9	$6.3 \pm 0.4$	$1.4 \pm 0.4$	$5.9 \pm 0.4$	$1.1 \pm 0.4$
1.0	$5.9 \pm 0.4$	$1.3 \pm 0.4$	$5.4 \pm 0.4$	$1.0 \pm 0.4$
1.1	$5.3 \pm 0.4$	$1.2 \pm 0.3$	$5.1 \pm 0.3$	$0.96 \pm 0.3$
1.2	$5.0 \pm 0.3$	$1.1 \pm 0.3$	$4.8 \pm 0.3$	$0.93 \pm 0.3$
1.3	$4.7 \pm 0.3$	$1.3 \pm 0.3$	$4.5 \pm 0.3$	$0.82 \pm 0.3$
1.4	$4.4 \pm 0.3$	$1.0 \pm 0.3$	$4.1 \pm 0.3$	$0.79 \pm 0.3$
1.5	$4.1 \pm 0.3$	$0.8 \pm 0.3$	$3.9 \pm 0.3$	$0.78 \pm 0.3$
1.6	$3.9 \pm 0.3$	$0.78 \pm 0.2$	$3.7 \pm 0.2$	$0.71 \pm 0.3$
1.7	$3.8 \pm 0.3$	$0.79 \pm 0.2$	$3.5 \pm 0.2$	$0.75 \pm 0.3$
1.8	$3.6 \pm 0.2$	$0.77 \pm 0.2$	$3.3 \pm 0.2$	$0.65 \pm 0.3$
1.9	$3.3 \pm 0.2$	$0.66 \pm 0.2$	$3.1 \pm 0.2$	$0.61 \pm 0.3$
2.0	$3.1 \pm 0.2$	$0.61 \pm 0.2$	$2.9 \pm 0.2$	$0.55 \pm 0.4$
2.1	$2.9 \pm 0.2$	$0.57 \pm 0.2$	$2.8 \pm 0.2$	$0.54 \pm 0.4$

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