Fiber Bragg grating inscription in pure-silica and Ge-doped photonic crystal fibers

Yiping Wang; Hartmut Bartelt; Martin Becker; Sven Brueckner; Joachim Bergmann; Jens Kobelke; Manfred Rothhardt

doi:10.1364/AO.48.001963

Applied Optics
Vol. 48,
Issue 11,
pp. 1963-1968
(2009)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.48.001963

Fiber Bragg grating inscription in pure-silica and Ge-doped photonic crystal fibers

Yiping Wang, Hartmut Bartelt, Martin Becker, Sven Brueckner, Joachim Bergmann, Jens Kobelke, and Manfred Rothhardt

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Yiping Wang, Hartmut Bartelt, Martin Becker, Sven Brueckner, Joachim Bergmann, Jens Kobelke, and Manfred Rothhardt, "Fiber Bragg grating inscription in pure-silica and Ge-doped photonic crystal fibers," Appl. Opt. 48, 1963-1968 (2009)

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Abstract

We report on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) inscribed in pure-silica and Ge-doped photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with a two-beam interference technique and a femtosecond or excimer laser. Such a technique enables the inscription of FBGs for different Bragg wavelengths with high flexibility. Effects of $H_{2}$ - loading and Ge doping on the efficiency of grating inscription were investigated by measuring the development of Bragg wavelength and attenuation in the transmission spectra with an increased exposure dose. $H_{2}$ -loading dramatically enhances the laser-induced index modulation not only in Ge-doped PCFs but also in pure-silica PCFs. We observed a reversible Bragg wavelength shift during femtosecond pulse irradiation, which indicates an internal temperature rise of approximately $77 ° C$ .

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PCF ^a (μm)	Φ Ge central region ^b (μm)	Φ Ge socket region (μm)	Φ core (μm)	d airhole (μm)	Λ pitch (μm)	$d / Λ$	Φ fiber (μm)
IPHT-84b1a			8.8	5.6	8.0	0.7	127
IPHT-282b2	0.8	2.7	5.8	1.9	2.9	0.66	99.8

	Pure-Silica PCF (IPHT-84b1a)		Ge-Doped PCF(IPHT-282b5)
Laser	Femtosecond Laser		Femtosecond Laser		Excimer Laser
$H_{2}$ -loading	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes
Number of laser pulses	$3721 K$	$2750 K$	$2101 K$	$40 K$	$39 K$	503
Exposure dose ( $kJ / {cm}^{2}$ )	669.78	495.00	378.18	7.20	11.31	0.15
Bragg attenuation (dB)	$- 0.96$	$- 14.59$	$- 4.41$	$- 49.77$	$- 2.86$	$- 51.80$
Reflectivity (%)	19.79	96.52	63.78	99.9990	48.24	99.9993
Maximum index modulation	$9.6 \times 10^{- 5}$	$5.3 \times 10^{- 4}$	$2.3 \times 10^{- 4}$	$1.5 \times 10^{- 3}$	$1.4 \times 10^{- 4}$	$1.1 \times 10^{- 3}$
Bragg wavelength (nm)	1534.88	1532.60	1536.98	1545.23	1549.93	1552.12

PCF ^a (μm)	Φ Ge central region ^b (μm)	Φ Ge socket region (μm)	Φ core (μm)	d airhole (μm)	Λ pitch (μm)	$d / Λ$	Φ fiber (μm)
IPHT-84b1a			8.8	5.6	8.0	0.7	127
IPHT-282b2	0.8	2.7	5.8	1.9	2.9	0.66	99.8

	Pure-Silica PCF (IPHT-84b1a)		Ge-Doped PCF(IPHT-282b5)
Laser	Femtosecond Laser		Femtosecond Laser		Excimer Laser
$H_{2}$ -loading	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes
Number of laser pulses	$3721 K$	$2750 K$	$2101 K$	$40 K$	$39 K$	503
Exposure dose ( $kJ / {cm}^{2}$ )	669.78	495.00	378.18	7.20	11.31	0.15
Bragg attenuation (dB)	$- 0.96$	$- 14.59$	$- 4.41$	$- 49.77$	$- 2.86$	$- 51.80$
Reflectivity (%)	19.79	96.52	63.78	99.9990	48.24	99.9993
Maximum index modulation	$9.6 \times 10^{- 5}$	$5.3 \times 10^{- 4}$	$2.3 \times 10^{- 4}$	$1.5 \times 10^{- 3}$	$1.4 \times 10^{- 4}$	$1.1 \times 10^{- 3}$
Bragg wavelength (nm)	1534.88	1532.60	1536.98	1545.23	1549.93	1552.12

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Applied Optics