Contribution of surface state characterization to studies of works of art

Mady Elias; Caroline Magnain; Jean Marc Frigerio

doi:10.1364/AO.49.002151

Applied Optics
Vol. 49,
Issue 11,
pp. 2151-2160
(2010)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.49.002151

Contribution of surface state characterization to studies of works of art

Mady Elias, Caroline Magnain, and Jean Marc Frigerio

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Mady Elias, Caroline Magnain, and Jean Marc Frigerio, "Contribution of surface state characterization to studies of works of art," Appl. Opt. 49, 2151-2160 (2010)

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Table of Contents Category
- Coherence and Statistical Optics
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: December 22, 2009
- Revised Manuscript: March 9, 2010
- Manuscript Accepted: March 16, 2010
- Published: April 7, 2010

Abstract

This paper has two purposes. The first one underlines that qualitative and quantitative studies of surface states lead to relevant information for analyzing works of art, with lots of potential for art history, restorers, and curators. The discrimination between different artistic techniques and the influence of a varnish on the leveling of paint surfaces are presented. The second purpose is the comparison between different nondestructive optical topographic methods, i.e., goniophotometry, optical coherence topography, and confocal microscopy, according to their accuracy, their discriminatory ability, their practicability inside a museum, and the size limits of the studied objects.

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Binder	$h / l$ OCT	$h / l$ Goniophotometry	Specular Gloss at $20 °$	Specular Gloss at $60 °$	Specular Gloss at $75 °$
Cellulose	$0.15 \pm 0.05$	$0.09 \pm 0.01$	$0.5 \pm 0.1$	$0.6 \pm 0.1$	$0.9 \pm 0.1$
Wax milk		$0.10 \pm 0.01$	$0.5 \pm 0.1$	$0.6 \pm 0.1$	$0.6 \pm 0.1$
Caparol		$0.09 \pm 0.01$	$0.5 \pm 0.1$	$0.6 \pm 0.1$	$0.7 \pm 0.1$
Carthame oil	$0.10 \pm 0.05$	$0.07 \pm 0.01$	$0.7 \pm 0.1$	$3.6 \pm 0.1$	$11.9 \pm 0.1$
Egg tempera		$0.10 \pm 0.01$	$0.4 \pm 0.1$	$0.7 \pm 0.1$	$1.3 \pm 0.1$

Interface	r.m.s. Roughness h ( $μm$ )	Correlation Length l ( $μm$ )	$h / l$
Air/varnish	$2.0 \pm 0.1$	$16.6 \pm 0.1$	$0.12 \pm 0.01$
Varnish/paint	$4.8 \pm 0.1$	$16.6 \pm 0.1$	$0.29 \pm 0.08$

Sample	Glass (Background)	$Glass + AYAT$	$Glass + Regalrez$
r.m.s. roughness h ( $μm$ )	$0.7 \pm 0.1$	$0.08 \pm 0.03$	$0.02 \pm 0.01$
Correlation length l ( $μm$ )	$2.5 \pm 0.2$	$1.3 \pm 0.4$	$0.4 \pm 0.1$
Ratio $h / l$	$0.28 \pm 0.02$	$0.06 \pm 0.01$	$0.05 \pm 0.01$
Specular gloss at $30 °$		$0.57 \pm 0.06$	$0.85 \pm 0.08$
DOI gloss at $30 °$		$0.23 \pm 0.02$	$0.90 \pm 0.09$

Binder	$h / l$ OCT	$h / l$ Goniophotometry	Specular Gloss at $20 °$	Specular Gloss at $60 °$	Specular Gloss at $75 °$
Cellulose	$0.15 \pm 0.05$	$0.09 \pm 0.01$	$0.5 \pm 0.1$	$0.6 \pm 0.1$	$0.9 \pm 0.1$
Wax milk		$0.10 \pm 0.01$	$0.5 \pm 0.1$	$0.6 \pm 0.1$	$0.6 \pm 0.1$
Caparol		$0.09 \pm 0.01$	$0.5 \pm 0.1$	$0.6 \pm 0.1$	$0.7 \pm 0.1$
Carthame oil	$0.10 \pm 0.05$	$0.07 \pm 0.01$	$0.7 \pm 0.1$	$3.6 \pm 0.1$	$11.9 \pm 0.1$
Egg tempera		$0.10 \pm 0.01$	$0.4 \pm 0.1$	$0.7 \pm 0.1$	$1.3 \pm 0.1$

Interface	r.m.s. Roughness h ( $μm$ )	Correlation Length l ( $μm$ )	$h / l$
Air/varnish	$2.0 \pm 0.1$	$16.6 \pm 0.1$	$0.12 \pm 0.01$
Varnish/paint	$4.8 \pm 0.1$	$16.6 \pm 0.1$	$0.29 \pm 0.08$

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Equations (1)

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