Changeover in the molecular and atomic fluorine laser transitions

Hossein Mehravaran; Parviz Parvin; Davoud Dorranian

doi:10.1364/AO.49.002741

Applied Optics
Vol. 49,
Issue 15,
pp. 2741-2748
(2010)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.49.002741

Changeover in the molecular and atomic fluorine laser transitions

Hossein Mehravaran, Parviz Parvin, and Davoud Dorranian

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Hossein Mehravaran, Parviz Parvin, and Davoud Dorranian, "Changeover in the molecular and atomic fluorine laser transitions," Appl. Opt. 49, 2741-2748 (2010)

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Abstract

Measurements of molecular and atomic fluorine laser emissions were done from $2 psi$ (absolute) to $5 atm$ to determine pressure-dependent spectral lines. While at low pressures, the atomic transitions are dominant; however, both atomic and molecular transitions are detected simultaneously at atmospheric pressures above $\sim 2 atm$ , where a changeover occurs. The excitation mechanisms are strongly dependent on the excited and ionized He species within the gain medium. Initially it affects the atomic transitions of the submanifolds and the corresponding molecular transition takes place via collisional events. The gain competitions among the doublet and quartet atomic transitions have also been investigated.

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Atomic Fluorine Laser	Electron Configuration	$S = \sum_{i = l}^{3} S_{i}$	$L = \sum_{i = l}^{3} l_{i}$	$J = L + S$							Submanifold	Dominant Pumping He Species	Pressure of Maximum Laser Output
Upper state: ${}^{9}{F^{*}} (3 p)$	$1 s^{2}$ $2 s^{2}$ $2 p^{4}$ $3 s$ $3 p^{1}$	$1 / 2$	2	$5 / 2$					$3 / 2$		$3 p^{2} D$	${He}^{*}$	$< 2$ psia
			1	$3 / 2$					$1 / 2$		$3 p^{2} P$	${He}^{+}$	$1 atm$
			0	$1 / 2$							$3 p^{2} S$	${He}^{+}$	$1.5 atm$
		$3 / 2$	2	$7 / 2$	$5 / 2$	$3 / 2$	$1 / 2$	$3 p^{4} D$	Not Seen	---
			1	$5 / 2$					$3 / 2$	$1 / 2$	$3 p^{4} P$	${He}_{2}^{+}$	$4.5 atm$
			0	$3 / 2$							$3 p^{4} S$	${He}^{+}$	$1.5 atm$
Lower state: ${{}^{9}F}^{*} (3 s)$	$1 s^{2}$ $2 s^{2}$ $2 p^{4}$ $3 s^{1}$ $3 p$	$1 / 2$	1	$3 / 2$					$1 / 2$		$3 s^{2} P$	---	---
Lower state: ${{}^{9}F}^{*} (3 s)$	$1 s^{2}$ $2 s^{2}$ $2 p^{4}$ $3 s^{1}$ $3 p$	$3 / 2$	1	$5 / 2$					$3 / 2$	$1 / 2$	$3 s^{4} P$	Metastable	---

$λ (nm)$	$A_{k i} (10^{8} s^{- 1})$	$g_{i}$	$g_{k}$	$σ_{12} (10^{- 12} {cm}^{2})$	$σ_{21} (10^{- 12} {cm}^{2})$
623.97	0.25	6	4	10.32	15.48
634.85	0.18	4	4	11.53	11.53
641.37	0.11	2	4	14.39	7.19
696.64	0.11	4	2	4.24	8.49
703.75	0.3	4	4	23.62	23.62
712.79	0.38	2	2	30.70	30.70
731.1	0.39	4	2	16.57	33.14
739.87	0.285	6	6	24.81	24.81
742.57	0.34	4	2	14.90	29.81
748.27	0.056	4	4	4.99	4.99
748.92	0.11	2	2	9.81	9.81
751.49	0.052	2	2	4.67	4.67
755.22	0.078	4	6	10.61	7.07

Atomic Fluorine Laser	Electron Configuration	$S = \sum_{i = l}^{3} S_{i}$	$L = \sum_{i = l}^{3} l_{i}$	$J = L + S$							Submanifold	Dominant Pumping He Species	Pressure of Maximum Laser Output
Upper state: ${}^{9}{F^{*}} (3 p)$	$1 s^{2}$ $2 s^{2}$ $2 p^{4}$ $3 s$ $3 p^{1}$	$1 / 2$	2	$5 / 2$					$3 / 2$		$3 p^{2} D$	${He}^{*}$	$< 2$ psia
			1	$3 / 2$					$1 / 2$		$3 p^{2} P$	${He}^{+}$	$1 atm$
			0	$1 / 2$							$3 p^{2} S$	${He}^{+}$	$1.5 atm$
		$3 / 2$	2	$7 / 2$	$5 / 2$	$3 / 2$	$1 / 2$	$3 p^{4} D$	Not Seen	---
			1	$5 / 2$					$3 / 2$	$1 / 2$	$3 p^{4} P$	${He}_{2}^{+}$	$4.5 atm$
			0	$3 / 2$							$3 p^{4} S$	${He}^{+}$	$1.5 atm$
Lower state: ${{}^{9}F}^{*} (3 s)$	$1 s^{2}$ $2 s^{2}$ $2 p^{4}$ $3 s^{1}$ $3 p$	$1 / 2$	1	$3 / 2$					$1 / 2$		$3 s^{2} P$	---	---
Lower state: ${{}^{9}F}^{*} (3 s)$	$1 s^{2}$ $2 s^{2}$ $2 p^{4}$ $3 s^{1}$ $3 p$	$3 / 2$	1	$5 / 2$					$3 / 2$	$1 / 2$	$3 s^{4} P$	Metastable	---

$λ (nm)$	$A_{k i} (10^{8} s^{- 1})$	$g_{i}$	$g_{k}$	$σ_{12} (10^{- 12} {cm}^{2})$	$σ_{21} (10^{- 12} {cm}^{2})$
623.97	0.25	6	4	10.32	15.48
634.85	0.18	4	4	11.53	11.53
641.37	0.11	2	4	14.39	7.19
696.64	0.11	4	2	4.24	8.49
703.75	0.3	4	4	23.62	23.62
712.79	0.38	2	2	30.70	30.70
731.1	0.39	4	2	16.57	33.14
739.87	0.285	6	6	24.81	24.81
742.57	0.34	4	2	14.90	29.81
748.27	0.056	4	4	4.99	4.99
748.92	0.11	2	2	9.81	9.81
751.49	0.052	2	2	4.67	4.67
755.22	0.078	4	6	10.61	7.07

Abstract

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Applied Optics