Abstract

We show that the axial spread of the focal volume of a tightly focused beam propagating through a glass–water interface is much reduced for Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes as compared to the ${\mathrm{TEM}}_{00}$ mode. Therefore, use of the LG beam helps in achieving a significant improvement of the axial trapping range in optical tweezers. We demonstrate the use of LG modes to manipulate biological cells from the bottom layer of the medium to the top surface layer. Exposure of the cells to a higher oxygen concentration at the surface layer is used for estimation of the intramembrane oxygen diffusion rate.

© 2011 Optical Society of America

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