Experimental and theoretical study of a laser-diode-pumped passively Q-switched intracavity-frequency-doubled Nd:GdVO<sub>4</sub>/KTP red laser with V:YAG saturable absorber

Chao Xu; Guiqiu Li; Shengzhi Zhao; Xin Li; Guolong Du; Lei Yin

doi:10.1364/AO.50.005099

Applied Optics
Vol. 50,
Issue 26,
pp. 5099-5107
(2011)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.50.005099

Experimental and theoretical study of a laser-diode-pumped passively Q-switched intracavity-frequency-doubled Nd: ${GdVO}_{4} / KTP$ red laser with V:YAG saturable absorber

Chao Xu, Guiqiu Li, Shengzhi Zhao, Xin Li, Guolong Du, and Lei Yin

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Chao Xu, Guiqiu Li, Shengzhi Zhao, Xin Li, Guolong Du, and Lei Yin, "Experimental and theoretical study of a laser-diode-pumped passively Q-switched intracavity-frequency-doubled Nd:GdVO₄/KTP red laser with V:YAG saturable absorber," Appl. Opt. 50, 5099-5107 (2011)

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Table of Contents Category
- Lasers and Laser Optics
Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Laser theory (140.3430)
- Lasers, diode-pumped (140.3480)
- Lasers, neodymium (140.3530)
- Lasers, Q-switched (140.3540)
- Lasers, solid-state (140.3580)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: March 15, 2011
- Revised Manuscript: June 14, 2011
- Manuscript Accepted: July 20, 2011
- Published: September 6, 2011

Abstract

A laser-diode-pumped passively Q-switched intracavity-frequency-doubled Nd: ${GdVO}_{4} / KTP$ red laser with V:YAG saturable absorber is realized in a V-type resonator. The dependences of the pulse repetition rate, pulse width, single-pulse energy, and peak power on the incident pump power are measured and contrasted. By assuming the intracavity photon density and the initial population-inversion density to be Gaussian spatial distributions, the space-dependent rate equations of this laser are given. The numerical solutions of the rate equations are consistent with the experimental results. In order to optimize the described system, the variations of the pulse width, peak power, single-pulse energy, and laser efficiency with the initial transmission of the saturable absorber and the ratio of the laser beam radius to the pump beam radius are also calculated, respectively.

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Parameter	Value
$n_{o}^{ω}$	1.821
$n_{e}^{ω}$	1.741
$n_{e}^{2 ω}$	1.769
$d_{eff}$	$7.2 pm / V$
$ε_{0}$	$8.855 \times 10^{- 12} C^{2} / N \cdot m^{2}$

Parameter		Value
σ	Stimulated-emission cross section of Nd: ${GdVO}_{4}$	$1.8 \times 10^{- 19} {cm}^{2}$
$σ_{g}$	Ground-state absorption cross section of V:YAG	$7.2 \times 10^{- 18} {cm}^{2}$
$σ_{e}$	Excited-state absorption cross section of V:YAG	$7.4 \times 10^{- 19} {cm}^{2}$
$n_{s 0}$	Total population density of V:YAG	$2.0 \times 10^{17} {cm}^{- 3}$
τ	Stimulated-radiation lifetime of Nd: ${GdVO}_{4}$	$90 μs$
$τ_{s}$	Excited-state lifetime of V:YAG	$22 \pm 6 ns$
ξ	Coupled coefficient of the resonator	0.85
$n_{g}$	Refractive index of Nd: ${GdVO}_{4}$	2.19
$n_{s}$	Refractive index of V:YAG	1.8
$n_{K}$	Refractive index of KTP	1.821
$l_{K}$	Length of KTP	$0.8 cm$
l	Length of Nd: ${GdVO}_{4}$	$0.5 cm$
$l_{s}$	Length of V:YAG ( $T_{0} = 89 %$ )	$0.081 cm$
$l_{s}$	Length of V:YAG ( $T_{0} = 96 %$ )	$0.028 cm$
$w_{p}$	Average radius of the pump beam in the gain medium	$0.02 cm$
L	Intrinsic loss of the resonator	0.1
$K_{c}$	Thermal conductivity of the gain medium	$11.7 \times 10^{- 3} W {mm}^{- 1} K^{- 1}$
$d n / d T$	Thermal chromatic dispersion coefficient of the gain medium	$4.7 \times 10^{- 6} K^{- 1}$
$α_{T}$	Thermal expansion coefficient of the gain medium	$3.5 \times 10^{- 6} K^{- 1}$
ζ	Thermal load ratio	0.24
α	Absorption coefficient of the gain medium	$5.69 {cm}^{- 1}$

Parameter	Value
$n_{o}^{ω}$	1.821
$n_{e}^{ω}$	1.741
$n_{e}^{2 ω}$	1.769
$d_{eff}$	$7.2 pm / V$
$ε_{0}$	$8.855 \times 10^{- 12} C^{2} / N \cdot m^{2}$

Parameter		Value
σ	Stimulated-emission cross section of Nd: ${GdVO}_{4}$	$1.8 \times 10^{- 19} {cm}^{2}$
$σ_{g}$	Ground-state absorption cross section of V:YAG	$7.2 \times 10^{- 18} {cm}^{2}$
$σ_{e}$	Excited-state absorption cross section of V:YAG	$7.4 \times 10^{- 19} {cm}^{2}$
$n_{s 0}$	Total population density of V:YAG	$2.0 \times 10^{17} {cm}^{- 3}$
τ	Stimulated-radiation lifetime of Nd: ${GdVO}_{4}$	$90 μs$
$τ_{s}$	Excited-state lifetime of V:YAG	$22 \pm 6 ns$
ξ	Coupled coefficient of the resonator	0.85
$n_{g}$	Refractive index of Nd: ${GdVO}_{4}$	2.19
$n_{s}$	Refractive index of V:YAG	1.8
$n_{K}$	Refractive index of KTP	1.821
$l_{K}$	Length of KTP	$0.8 cm$
l	Length of Nd: ${GdVO}_{4}$	$0.5 cm$
$l_{s}$	Length of V:YAG ( $T_{0} = 89 %$ )	$0.081 cm$
$l_{s}$	Length of V:YAG ( $T_{0} = 96 %$ )	$0.028 cm$
$w_{p}$	Average radius of the pump beam in the gain medium	$0.02 cm$
L	Intrinsic loss of the resonator	0.1
$K_{c}$	Thermal conductivity of the gain medium	$11.7 \times 10^{- 3} W {mm}^{- 1} K^{- 1}$
$d n / d T$	Thermal chromatic dispersion coefficient of the gain medium	$4.7 \times 10^{- 6} K^{- 1}$
$α_{T}$	Thermal expansion coefficient of the gain medium	$3.5 \times 10^{- 6} K^{- 1}$
ζ	Thermal load ratio	0.24
α	Absorption coefficient of the gain medium	$5.69 {cm}^{- 1}$

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