Numerical investigation on the effects of fabrication conditions on fiber Bragg grating spectra using the phase mask technique

Betty P. Kouskousis; Daniel J. Kitcher; Stephen F. Collins; Greg W. Baxter

doi:10.1364/AO.52.003338

Applied Optics
Vol. 52,
Issue 14,
pp. 3338-3344
(2013)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.52.003338

Numerical investigation on the effects of fabrication conditions on fiber Bragg grating spectra using the phase mask technique

Betty P. Kouskousis, Daniel J. Kitcher, Stephen F. Collins, and Greg W. Baxter

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Betty P. Kouskousis, Daniel J. Kitcher, Stephen F. Collins, and Greg W. Baxter, "Numerical investigation on the effects of fabrication conditions on fiber Bragg grating spectra using the phase mask technique," Appl. Opt. 52, 3338-3344 (2013)

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Table of Contents Category
- Image Processing
Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Diffraction and gratings (050.0050)
- Fiber optics and optical communications (060.0060)
- Image processing (100.0100)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: January 23, 2013
- Revised Manuscript: April 3, 2013
- Manuscript Accepted: April 5, 2013
- Published: May 7, 2013

Abstract

A numerical investigation on how fiber Bragg grating fabrication conditions using the phase mask technique affect the harmonic components of the Bragg wavelength is presented. Both the properties of the phase mask and saturation effects are investigated to determine the underlying cause of the rise of various harmonic reflections other than the Bragg wavelength. Results are compared with published data by various authors.

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Diffracted Orders	0	$+ 1$	$- 1$	$+ 2$	$- 2$	$+ 3$	$- 3$	$+ 4$	$- 4$
% Power ( $\pm 0.3$ )	0.9	39.5	36.7	3.9	4.6	4.1	3.5	3.0	3.7

Diffraction Order	Propagating Angle (°)	Coherence Range X (μm)
1	9.02	523
2	18.26	252
3	28.05	156
4	38.81	103

Simulation or Experiment Details		Presence of Indicated Periodicity along the Grating: Percentage of reflected optical power by the grating: $u ≪ u_{\max}$ —no saturation, $0.3 u_{\max}$ —30% saturation. Shaded entries are where the periodicity occurs via saturation only
Simulation & phase mask orders included	Possible periodicities & notional wavelength (nm)	$Λ = Λ_{pm}$ 3114	$Λ = Λ_{pm} / 2$ 1557	$Λ = Λ_{pm} / 3$ 1038	$Λ = Λ_{pm} / 4$ 779	$Λ = Λ_{pm} / 5$ 623	$Λ = Λ_{pm} / 6$ 519
Case 1	$u ≪ u_{\max}$ (%)	5	95	-	-	-	-
0, $\pm 1$	$0.3 u_{\max}$ (%)	5	81	10	-	-	4
Case 2	$u ≪ u_{\max}$ (%)	6	78	16	-	-	-
0, $\pm 1$ , $\pm 2$	$0.3 u_{\max}$ (%)	7	75	3	12	-	3
Case 3	$u ≪ u_{\max}$ (%)	6	68	16	10	-	-
0, $\pm 1$ , $\pm 2$ , $\pm 3$	$0.3 u_{\max}$ (%)	5	78	2	9	2	3
Case 4	$u ≪ u_{\max}$ (%)	11	71	7	7	5	-
0, $\pm 1$ , $\pm 2$ , $\pm 3$ , $\pm 4$	$0.3 u_{\max}$ (%)	6	58	13	7	11	2
Experiment	Reference	Observed Wavelengths for Different Grating Types
Type II	Malo et al. [8]		1535 nm	1030 nm	770 nm	620 nm
Type I	Rollinson et al. [9]		1534 nm	1026 nm	773 nm	Not detected
Type IIA	Rollinson et al. [9]		1534 nm	1027 nm	773 nm	620 nm

Diffracted Orders	0	$+ 1$	$- 1$	$+ 2$	$- 2$	$+ 3$	$- 3$	$+ 4$	$- 4$
% Power ( $\pm 0.3$ )	0.9	39.5	36.7	3.9	4.6	4.1	3.5	3.0	3.7

Diffraction Order	Propagating Angle (°)	Coherence Range X (μm)
1	9.02	523
2	18.26	252
3	28.05	156
4	38.81	103

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