Infrared lidar observations of stratospheric aerosols

H. N. Forrister; D. W. Roberts; A. J. Mercer; G. G. Gimmestad

doi:10.1364/AO.53.000D40

Applied Optics
Vol. 53,
Issue 16,
pp. D40-D48
(2014)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.53.000D40

Infrared lidar observations of stratospheric aerosols

H. N. Forrister, D. W. Roberts, A. J. Mercer, and G. G. Gimmestad

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H. N. Forrister, D. W. Roberts, A. J. Mercer, and G. G. Gimmestad, "Infrared lidar observations of stratospheric aerosols," Appl. Opt. 53, D40-D48 (2014)

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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: January 21, 2014
- Revised Manuscript: April 25, 2014
- Manuscript Accepted: May 13, 2014
- Published: May 30, 2014
Virtual Issues
Applied Optics FOCUS ON INST. RESEARCH AT GEORGIA TECH (INVITED ONLY) (2014)

Abstract

We observed the stratospheric aerosol layer at 34° north latitude with a photon-counting 1574 nm lidar on three occasions in 2011. During all of the observations, we also operated a nearby 523.5 nm micropulse lidar and acquired National Weather Service upper air data. We analyzed the lidar data to find scattering ratio profiles and the integrated aerosol backscatter at both wavelengths and then calculated the color ratio and wavelength exponent for lidar backscattering from the stratospheric aerosols. The visible-light integrated backscatter values of the layer were in the range $2.8 - 3.5 \times 10^{- 4} {sr}^{- 1}$ and the infrared integrated backscatter values ranged from 2.4 to $3.7 \times 10^{- 5} {sr}^{- 1}$ . The wavelength exponent was determined to be $1.9 \pm 0.2$ .

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Transmitter
	Wavelength	1574 nm
	Pulse energy	80 mJ
	Pulse repetition frequency	20 Hz
	Beam diameter	15 cm
	Beam divergence	250 μrad
Receiver
	Telescope aperture	25.4 cm
	Focal length	250 cm
	Field of view	800 μrad
	Spectral width	14 nm
	PMT (Hamamatsu)	H10330A-75
Data system
	Hybrid analog/photon counting	Licel

Transmitter
	Wavelength	523.5 nm
	Pulse energy	14 μJ
	Pulse repetition frequency	2500 Hz
	Aperture diameter	200 mm
	Beam divergence	90 μrad
	Fluence at aperture	$0.5 \times 10^{- 7} J / {cm}^{2}$
Receiver		Short range	Long range
	Aperture Diameter	610 mm	610 mm
	Percentage of light	9%	91%
	Effective focal length	2.57 m	2.57 m
	Field of view	1.2 mrad	0.4 mrad
	Bandwidth	1 nm	0.12 nm
	Optical efficiency	0.032	0.23
	Detector type	PMT	PMT
Data system	2-channel, 16-bit, 10 M Sample/s A/D

Instrument or Facility	Name	Location	Latitude, Longitude	Elevation (MSL)
1574 nm lidar	PC IR	Georgia Tech	33.78, $- 84.40$	290 m
AERONET	Georgia_Tech	Georgia Tech	33.78, $- 84.40$	295 m
523.5 nm lidar	EARL	Agnes Scott	33.77, $- 84.29$	315 m
NWS launch site	72215 FFC	Peachtree City	33.36, $- 84.56$	245 m

Date (2011)	Time Interval (UTC)	Upper Air (UTC)
August 4	0110–0320	0000
September 11	2345–0200	0000
December 1	1000–1200	1200

Cross Section	523.5 nm	1574 nm
Extinction ( $m^{2} / mol.$ )	$5.512 \times 10^{- 31}$	$6.488 \times 10^{- 33}$
Backscatter ( $m^{2} / mol. s r$ )	$6.4878 \times 10^{- 32}$	$7.6401 \times 10^{- 34}$

Date	523.5 nm	1574 nm
August 4, 2011	$2.79 \times 10^{- 4} {sr}^{- 1}$	$2.39 \times 10^{- 5} {sr}^{- 1}$
September 11, 2011	$3.29 \times 10^{- 4} {sr}^{- 1}$	$3.69 \times 10^{- 5} {sr}^{- 1}$
December 1, 2011	$3.54 \times 10^{- 4} {sr}^{- 1}$	$3.06 \times 10^{- 5} {sr}^{- 1}$

Date	IABS 523.5 nm	IABS 1574 nm	Color Ratio 532.5/1574	Wavelength Exponent
August 4, 2011	$1.71 \times 10^{- 4} {sr}^{- 1}$	$1.94 \times 10^{- 5} {sr}^{- 1}$	$8.8 \pm 2.7$	$2.0 \pm 0.3$
September 11, 2011	$1.96 \times 10^{- 4} {sr}^{- 1}$	$2.73 \times 10^{- 5} {sr}^{- 1}$	$7.2 \pm 2.2$	$1.8 \pm 0.3$
December 1, 2011	$1.58 \times 10^{- 4} {sr}^{- 1}$	$1.89 \times 10^{- 5} {sr}^{- 1}$	$8.4 \pm 2.5$	$1.9 \pm 0.3$

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Applied Optics