Enhancement of 1.53&#x2009;&#x2009;&#x3BC;m emission in erbium/cerium-doped germanosilicate glass pumped by common 808&#x2009;&#x2009;nm laser diode

Ying Tian; Tao Wei; Muzhi Cai; Fangze Chen; Fengchao Wang; Xufeng Jing; Junjie Zhang; Qinyuan Zhang; Shiqing Xu

doi:10.1364/AO.53.006148

Applied Optics
Vol. 53,
Issue 27,
pp. 6148-6154
(2014)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.53.006148

Enhancement of 1.53 μm emission in erbium/cerium-doped germanosilicate glass pumped by common 808 nm laser diode

Ying Tian, Tao Wei, Muzhi Cai, Fangze Chen, Fengchao Wang, Xufeng Jing, Junjie Zhang, Qinyuan Zhang, and Shiqing Xu

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Ying Tian, Tao Wei, Muzhi Cai, Fangze Chen, Fengchao Wang, Xufeng Jing, Junjie Zhang, Qinyuan Zhang, and Shiqing Xu, "Enhancement of 1.53 μm emission in erbium/cerium-doped germanosilicate glass pumped by common 808 nm laser diode," Appl. Opt. 53, 6148-6154 (2014)

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Abstract

Erbium-doped germanosilicate glasses with various cerium ions contents have been prepared. Optical absorption and 1.53 μm emission spectra were measured to characterize the spectroscopic performances of prepared samples. A detailed study of 1.53 μm spectroscopic properties was carried out when pumped by an 808 nm laser diode. Moreover, an energy level diagram and an energy transfer mechanism between ${Er}^{3 +}$ and ${Ce}^{3 +}$ were proposed to elucidate the enhanced 1.53 μm fluorescence. It is found that the prepared samples have optimal spectroscopic properties when the ${Ce}^{3 +}$ concentration is fixed to 0.5 mol. %. High spontaneous radiative transition probability ( $172.66 s^{- 1}$ ), large effective emission bandwidth (74 nm), and emission cross section ( $9.49 \times 10^{- 21} {cm}^{2}$ indicate that 808 nm pumped ${Er}^{3 +} / {Ce}^{3 +}$ codoped germanosilicate glass might be a suitable material for a broadband optical amplifier.

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Samples	$Ω_{2} (\times 10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$	$Ω_{4} (\times 10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$	$Ω_{6} (\times 10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$	$δ_{r . m . s} \times 10^{- 6}$	References
EC1	$8.79 \pm 0.10$	$2.23 \pm 0.08$	$1.22 \pm 0.07$	0.21	This work
EC2	$9.16 \pm 0.10$	$2.61 \pm 0.06$	$1.31 \pm 0.11$	0.39
EC3	$8.56 \pm 0.20$	$2.55 \pm 0.06$	$1.19 \pm 0.03$	0.39
EC4	$8.56 \pm 0.15$	$2.46 \pm 0.07$	$1.19 \pm 0.03$	0.36
EC5	$8.39 \pm 0.14$	$2.50 \pm 0.09$	$1.11 \pm 0.02$	0.24
EC6	$7.47 \pm 0.13$	$2.38 \pm 0.10$	$0.97 \pm 0.03$	0.36
Silicate glass	4.23	1.04	0.61	—	[13]
Germanate glass	9.22	3.45	1.23	—	[23]
Tellurite glass	6.81	1.75	0.94	—	[19]

		$A_{rad}$ ( $s^{- 1})$
Transition	$Δ E ({cm}^{- 1})$	EC1	EC2	EC3	EC4	EC5	EC6
${{}^{4}I}_{13 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{15 / 2}$	$6523 \pm 5$	$162.75 \pm 0.5$	$172.66 \pm 0.2$	$162.18 \pm 0.2$	$161.61 \pm 0.2$	$155.37 \pm 0.2$	$142.60 \pm 0.2$
${{}^{4}I}_{11 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{15 / 2}$	$10215 \pm 5$	$173.24 \pm 0.1$	$184.28 \pm 0.2$	$168.90 \pm 0.2$	$168.9 \pm 0.2$	$160.09 \pm 0.2$	$140.77 \pm 0.2$
${{}^{4}I}_{11 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{13 / 2}$	$3691 \pm 5$	$31.49 \pm 0.03$	$33.13 \pm 0.02$	$31.49 \pm 0.02$	$31.37 \pm 0.01$	$30.43 \pm 0.02$	$28.39 \pm 0.01$
${{}^{4}I}_{9 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{15 / 2}$	$12500 \pm 5$	$176.65 \pm 0.5$	$206.36 \pm 0.2$	$201.31 \pm 0.2$	$194.34 \pm 0.2$	$197.16 \pm 0.2$	$187.41 \pm 0.2$
${{}^{4}I}_{9 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{13 / 2}$	$5977 \pm 5$	$46.68 \pm 0.03$	$50.22 \pm 0.02$	$45.70 \pm 0.02$	$45.66 \pm 0.02$	$42.70 \pm 0.02$	$37.41 \pm 0.01$
${{}^{4}I}_{9 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{11 / 2}$	$2285 \pm 5$	$2.59 \pm 0.05$	$2.59 \pm 0.02$	$2.59 \pm 0.02$	$2.59 \pm 0.02$	$2.59 \pm 0.01$	$2.59 \pm 0.05$
${{}^{4}F}_{9 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{15 / 2}$	$15337 \pm 9$	$1799.39 \pm 2$	$2052.05 \pm 2$	$1963.74 \pm 2$	$1913.65 \pm 2$	$1899.30 \pm 2$	$1768.44 \pm 3$
${{}^{4}F}_{9 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{13 / 2}$	$8814 \pm 5$	$101.23 \pm 1$	$114.54 \pm 0.2$	$109.75 \pm 0.1$	$107.10 \pm 0.2$	$106.67 \pm 0.2$	$99.22 \pm 0.1$
${{}^{4}F}_{9 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{11 / 2}$	$5123 \pm 5$	$78.77 \pm 0.2$	$83.96 \pm 0.2$	$76.92 \pm 0.2$	$76.89 \pm 0.2$	$72.79 \pm 0.2$	$64.01 \pm 0.1$
${{}^{4}F}_{9 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{9 / 2}$	$2837 \pm 5$	$5.43 \pm 0.03$	$5.68 \pm 0.02$	$5.31 \pm 0.02$	$5.30 \pm 0.01$	$5.20 \pm 0.02$	$4.63 \pm 0.04$
${{}^{4}S}_{3 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{15 / 2}$	$18349 \pm 9$	$1174.28 \pm 2$	$1260.91 \pm 2$	$1145.41 \pm 4$	$1145.41 \pm 2$	$1068.40 \pm 2$	$933.65 \pm 2$
${{}^{4}S}_{3 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{13 / 2}$	$11825 \pm 8$	$478.89 \pm 0.5$	$514.22 \pm 0.5$	$467.11 \pm 0.5$	$467.11 \pm 0.5$	$435.71 \pm 0.5$	$380.76 \pm 0.5$
${{}^{4}S}_{3 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{11 / 2}$	$8134 \pm 5$	$38.35 \pm 0.01$	$41.48 \pm 0.02$	$37.92 \pm 0.02$	$37.80 \pm 0.02$	$35.53 \pm 0.02$	$31.32 \pm 0.03$
${{}^{4}S}_{3 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{9 / 2}$	$5849 \pm 5$	$64.78 \pm 0.02$	$71.71 \pm 0.02$	$66.92 \pm 0.02$	$66.02 \pm 0.02$	$63.63 \pm 0.02$	$57.54 \pm 0.02$
${{}^{4}S}_{3 / 2} \to {{}^{4}F}_{9 / 2}$	$3011 \pm 4$	—	—	—	—	—	—

Samples	$Δ λ_{eff} (nm)$	$σ_{em}^{peak} (\times 10^{- 21} {cm}^{2})$	$Δ G (\times 10^{- 28} {cm}^{3})$	References
EC1	$71 \pm 1$	$9.38 \pm 0.08$	$665.98 \pm 5$	Present work
EC2	$74 \pm 1$	$9.49 \pm 0.08$	$702.26 \pm 6$
EC3	$74 \pm 1$	$9.21 \pm 0.09$	$681.54 \pm 6$
EC4	$70 \pm 1$	$9.01 \pm 0.07$	$630.7 \pm 5$
EC5	$74 \pm 1$	$9.03 \pm 0.04$	$668.22 \pm 4$
EC6	$70 \pm 1$	$8.14 \pm 0.06$	$569.8 \pm 4$
Silicate	40	5.5	220	[8]
Germanate	42	5.7	239.4	[19]
Tellurite	54	7.6	410.4	[19]

Samples	$Ω_{2} (\times 10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$	$Ω_{4} (\times 10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$	$Ω_{6} (\times 10^{- 20} {cm}^{2})$	$δ_{r . m . s} \times 10^{- 6}$	References
EC1	$8.79 \pm 0.10$	$2.23 \pm 0.08$	$1.22 \pm 0.07$	0.21	This work
EC2	$9.16 \pm 0.10$	$2.61 \pm 0.06$	$1.31 \pm 0.11$	0.39
EC3	$8.56 \pm 0.20$	$2.55 \pm 0.06$	$1.19 \pm 0.03$	0.39
EC4	$8.56 \pm 0.15$	$2.46 \pm 0.07$	$1.19 \pm 0.03$	0.36
EC5	$8.39 \pm 0.14$	$2.50 \pm 0.09$	$1.11 \pm 0.02$	0.24
EC6	$7.47 \pm 0.13$	$2.38 \pm 0.10$	$0.97 \pm 0.03$	0.36
Silicate glass	4.23	1.04	0.61	—	[13]
Germanate glass	9.22	3.45	1.23	—	[23]
Tellurite glass	6.81	1.75	0.94	—	[19]

		$A_{rad}$ ( $s^{- 1})$
Transition	$Δ E ({cm}^{- 1})$	EC1	EC2	EC3	EC4	EC5	EC6
${{}^{4}I}_{13 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{15 / 2}$	$6523 \pm 5$	$162.75 \pm 0.5$	$172.66 \pm 0.2$	$162.18 \pm 0.2$	$161.61 \pm 0.2$	$155.37 \pm 0.2$	$142.60 \pm 0.2$
${{}^{4}I}_{11 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{15 / 2}$	$10215 \pm 5$	$173.24 \pm 0.1$	$184.28 \pm 0.2$	$168.90 \pm 0.2$	$168.9 \pm 0.2$	$160.09 \pm 0.2$	$140.77 \pm 0.2$
${{}^{4}I}_{11 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{13 / 2}$	$3691 \pm 5$	$31.49 \pm 0.03$	$33.13 \pm 0.02$	$31.49 \pm 0.02$	$31.37 \pm 0.01$	$30.43 \pm 0.02$	$28.39 \pm 0.01$
${{}^{4}I}_{9 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{15 / 2}$	$12500 \pm 5$	$176.65 \pm 0.5$	$206.36 \pm 0.2$	$201.31 \pm 0.2$	$194.34 \pm 0.2$	$197.16 \pm 0.2$	$187.41 \pm 0.2$
${{}^{4}I}_{9 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{13 / 2}$	$5977 \pm 5$	$46.68 \pm 0.03$	$50.22 \pm 0.02$	$45.70 \pm 0.02$	$45.66 \pm 0.02$	$42.70 \pm 0.02$	$37.41 \pm 0.01$
${{}^{4}I}_{9 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{11 / 2}$	$2285 \pm 5$	$2.59 \pm 0.05$	$2.59 \pm 0.02$	$2.59 \pm 0.02$	$2.59 \pm 0.02$	$2.59 \pm 0.01$	$2.59 \pm 0.05$
${{}^{4}F}_{9 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{15 / 2}$	$15337 \pm 9$	$1799.39 \pm 2$	$2052.05 \pm 2$	$1963.74 \pm 2$	$1913.65 \pm 2$	$1899.30 \pm 2$	$1768.44 \pm 3$
${{}^{4}F}_{9 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{13 / 2}$	$8814 \pm 5$	$101.23 \pm 1$	$114.54 \pm 0.2$	$109.75 \pm 0.1$	$107.10 \pm 0.2$	$106.67 \pm 0.2$	$99.22 \pm 0.1$
${{}^{4}F}_{9 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{11 / 2}$	$5123 \pm 5$	$78.77 \pm 0.2$	$83.96 \pm 0.2$	$76.92 \pm 0.2$	$76.89 \pm 0.2$	$72.79 \pm 0.2$	$64.01 \pm 0.1$
${{}^{4}F}_{9 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{9 / 2}$	$2837 \pm 5$	$5.43 \pm 0.03$	$5.68 \pm 0.02$	$5.31 \pm 0.02$	$5.30 \pm 0.01$	$5.20 \pm 0.02$	$4.63 \pm 0.04$
${{}^{4}S}_{3 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{15 / 2}$	$18349 \pm 9$	$1174.28 \pm 2$	$1260.91 \pm 2$	$1145.41 \pm 4$	$1145.41 \pm 2$	$1068.40 \pm 2$	$933.65 \pm 2$
${{}^{4}S}_{3 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{13 / 2}$	$11825 \pm 8$	$478.89 \pm 0.5$	$514.22 \pm 0.5$	$467.11 \pm 0.5$	$467.11 \pm 0.5$	$435.71 \pm 0.5$	$380.76 \pm 0.5$
${{}^{4}S}_{3 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{11 / 2}$	$8134 \pm 5$	$38.35 \pm 0.01$	$41.48 \pm 0.02$	$37.92 \pm 0.02$	$37.80 \pm 0.02$	$35.53 \pm 0.02$	$31.32 \pm 0.03$
${{}^{4}S}_{3 / 2} \to {{}^{4}I}_{9 / 2}$	$5849 \pm 5$	$64.78 \pm 0.02$	$71.71 \pm 0.02$	$66.92 \pm 0.02$	$66.02 \pm 0.02$	$63.63 \pm 0.02$	$57.54 \pm 0.02$
${{}^{4}S}_{3 / 2} \to {{}^{4}F}_{9 / 2}$	$3011 \pm 4$	—	—	—	—	—	—

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Applied Optics