Frequency response of optical beam deflection by ultrasound in water

James N. Caron; Greg P. DiComo

doi:10.1364/AO.53.007677

Applied Optics
Vol. 53,
Issue 32,
pp. 7677-7683
(2014)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.53.007677

Frequency response of optical beam deflection by ultrasound in water

James N. Caron and Greg P. DiComo

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James N. Caron and Greg P. DiComo, "Frequency response of optical beam deflection by ultrasound in water," Appl. Opt. 53, 7677-7683 (2014)

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Abstract

Acoustic waveforms create fluctuations in the index of refraction of the medium. An optical beam passing through the disturbance will be deflected or displaced from the original path. The acoustic wave can be detected by sending a laser through the disturbance and sensing the path changes of the beam with a position-sensitive photodetector. This paper presents a model of this interaction in water to predict the sensitivity and frequency response. The model demonstrates that the frequency response of the system is broadband, allowing detection from a few hundred hertz to 20 MHz. This technique has potential use for underwater acoustic sensing and ultrasonic inspection of materials.

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Loss at	1 mm	1 cm	10 cm	1 m
1 kHz	1	1	1	1
10 kHz	1	1	1	0.999997
100 kHz	1	0.999997	0.999969	0.999690
1 MHz	0.999969	0.999690	0.996905	0.969482
10 MHz	0.996905	0.969482	0.733492	0.045077

$a_{0} = 0.244257733$	$a_{1} = 9.74634476 \times 10^{- 3}$
$a_{2} = - 3.73234996 \times 10^{- 3}$	$a_{3} = 2.65666426 \times 10^{- 4}$
$a_{4} = 2.45733798 \times 10^{- 3}$	$a_{5} = 2.45934259 \times 10^{- 3}$
$a_{6} = 0.900704920$	$a_{7} = - 1.66626219 \times 10^{- 2}$
$λ_{U V} = 0.229202$	$λ_{I R} = 5.432937$
$a_{8} \equiv a_{0} + a_{2} \bar{T} + a_{3} {\bar{λ}}^{2} \bar{T} + \frac{a_{4}}{{\bar{λ}}^{2}} + \frac{a_{5}}{{\bar{λ}}^{2} - {\bar{λ}}_{U V}^{2}} + \frac{a_{6}}{{\bar{λ}}^{2} - {\bar{λ}}_{I R}^{2}}$
$a_{9} \equiv a_{1} + a_{8} + a_{7}$	$a_{10} \equiv a_{1} + 2 a_{7}$
$a_{11} \equiv a_{9} + a_{10}$	$a_{12} \equiv a_{7} + a_{10}$
$a_{14} \equiv 1 + 2 a_{9}$	$a_{15} \equiv 1 - a_{9}$

	$θ_{b} / p_{o}$			$p_{min}$ (Pa)
$x$ (cm)	2.5	5	10	2.5	5	10
10 kHz	1.183	0.690	0.399	57.5	98.6	170.4
100 kHz	4.487	3.991	3.112	15.16	17.04	21.85
1 MHz	5.068	4.907	4.690	13.42	13.86	14.50
10 MHz	2.617	1.324	0.343	25.99	51.36	198.05

Loss at	1 mm	1 cm	10 cm	1 m
1 kHz	1	1	1	1
10 kHz	1	1	1	0.999997
100 kHz	1	0.999997	0.999969	0.999690
1 MHz	0.999969	0.999690	0.996905	0.969482
10 MHz	0.996905	0.969482	0.733492	0.045077

$a_{0} = 0.244257733$	$a_{1} = 9.74634476 \times 10^{- 3}$
$a_{2} = - 3.73234996 \times 10^{- 3}$	$a_{3} = 2.65666426 \times 10^{- 4}$
$a_{4} = 2.45733798 \times 10^{- 3}$	$a_{5} = 2.45934259 \times 10^{- 3}$
$a_{6} = 0.900704920$	$a_{7} = - 1.66626219 \times 10^{- 2}$
$λ_{U V} = 0.229202$	$λ_{I R} = 5.432937$
$a_{8} \equiv a_{0} + a_{2} \bar{T} + a_{3} {\bar{λ}}^{2} \bar{T} + \frac{a_{4}}{{\bar{λ}}^{2}} + \frac{a_{5}}{{\bar{λ}}^{2} - {\bar{λ}}_{U V}^{2}} + \frac{a_{6}}{{\bar{λ}}^{2} - {\bar{λ}}_{I R}^{2}}$
$a_{9} \equiv a_{1} + a_{8} + a_{7}$	$a_{10} \equiv a_{1} + 2 a_{7}$
$a_{11} \equiv a_{9} + a_{10}$	$a_{12} \equiv a_{7} + a_{10}$
$a_{14} \equiv 1 + 2 a_{9}$	$a_{15} \equiv 1 - a_{9}$

Abstract

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Figures (6)

Tables (3)

Equations (28)

Applied Optics