Scalable design for a high energy cryogenic gas cooled diode pumped laser amplifier

P. D. Mason; M. Fitton; A. Lintern; S. Banerjee; K. Ertel; T. Davenne; J. Hill; S. P. Blake; P. J. Phillips; T. J. Butcher; J. M. Smith; M. De Vido; R. J. S. Greenhalgh; C. Hernandez-Gomez; J. L. Collier

doi:10.1364/AO.54.004227

Applied Optics
Vol. 54,
Issue 13,
pp. 4227-4238
(2015)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.004227

Scalable design for a high energy cryogenic gas cooled diode pumped laser amplifier

P. D. Mason, M. Fitton, A. Lintern, S. Banerjee, K. Ertel, T. Davenne, J. Hill, S. P. Blake, P. J. Phillips, T. J. Butcher, J. M. Smith, M. De Vido, R. J. S. Greenhalgh, C. Hernandez-Gomez, and J. L. Collier

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P. D. Mason, M. Fitton, A. Lintern, S. Banerjee, K. Ertel, T. Davenne, J. Hill, S. P. Blake, P. J. Phillips, T. J. Butcher, J. M. Smith, M. De Vido, R. J. S. Greenhalgh, C. Hernandez-Gomez, and J. L. Collier, "Scalable design for a high energy cryogenic gas cooled diode pumped laser amplifier," Appl. Opt. 54, 4227-4238 (2015)

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Abstract

In this paper we present details of a scalable design for a cryogenic helium gas cooled DPSSL amplifier based on a multislab Yb:YAG geometry. A prototype amplifier design capable of efficient amplification of 10 ns pulses to 10 J at 10 Hz is presented, which has been derived from computational fluid dynamic calculations and thermal modeling. Model predictions have also been used to design a suitable cryogenic gas cooling system, details of which are also presented. Experimental testing has confirmed stable amplifier temperatures are achievable from room temperature down to 88 K, with a gas coolant temperature stability of $\pm 0.2 K$ . Single-pass transmission wave front measurements are in reasonable agreement with model predictions derived from thermal maps for two different YAG slab geometries. Slabs with a narrower width Cr-doped YAG absorptive cladding, added to suppress ASE, demonstrated a wave front error of $\sim 0.2$ waves at 1030 nm (peak-to-valley) over the $20 mm \times 20 mm$ pumped region within the amplifier. The low level of optical distortion confirms that the amplifier design provides an acceptable level of temperature and flow uniformity and demonstrates the merit of a multislab geometry.

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Requirement	Significance
Sufficient angular acceptance	Allow angular multiplexing in multipass amplifier setup.
Temperature stability	Ensure stable amplifier gain and output energy stability.
Efficient and uniform heat transfer	Minimize temperature gradients to prevent unwanted thermo-optical effects and minimize optical distortions.
Uniform and stable flow conditions	Achieve a uniform temperature distribution and minimize dynamic pressure differences preventing mechanical vibrations and further optical distortion.
Compliant mounting of gain material	Prevent unwanted stress during thermal cycling over large temperature ranges, caused by thermal expansion mismatch.
Clean environment	Minimize risk of surface contamination of optical components that would otherwise lead to reduced optical damage resilience and lower transmission through the head.

Parameter	Design range	Nominal value
Temperature	90 to 320 K	150 K
Temperature stability	$\pm 1 K$	$\pm 0.2 K$
Pressure	0 to 20 bar	10 bar
Volume flow rate	2 to $50 m^{3} / h$	$35 m^{3} / h$

Requirement	Significance
Sufficient angular acceptance	Allow angular multiplexing in multipass amplifier setup.
Temperature stability	Ensure stable amplifier gain and output energy stability.
Efficient and uniform heat transfer	Minimize temperature gradients to prevent unwanted thermo-optical effects and minimize optical distortions.
Uniform and stable flow conditions	Achieve a uniform temperature distribution and minimize dynamic pressure differences preventing mechanical vibrations and further optical distortion.
Compliant mounting of gain material	Prevent unwanted stress during thermal cycling over large temperature ranges, caused by thermal expansion mismatch.
Clean environment	Minimize risk of surface contamination of optical components that would otherwise lead to reduced optical damage resilience and lower transmission through the head.

Parameter	Design range	Nominal value
Temperature	90 to 320 K	150 K
Temperature stability	$\pm 1 K$	$\pm 0.2 K$
Pressure	0 to 20 bar	10 bar
Volume flow rate	2 to $50 m^{3} / h$	$35 m^{3} / h$

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Equations (5)

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