Microstructure core photonic crystal fiber for gas sensing applications

Monir Morshed; Md. Imran Hassan; Tusher Kanti Roy; Muhammad Shahin Uddin; S. M. Abdur Razzak

doi:10.1364/AO.54.008637

Applied Optics
Vol. 54,
Issue 29,
pp. 8637-8643
(2015)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.008637

Microstructure core photonic crystal fiber for gas sensing applications

Monir Morshed, Md. Imran Hassan, Tusher Kanti Roy, Muhammad Shahin Uddin, and S. M. Abdur Razzak

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Monir Morshed, Md. Imran Hassan, Tusher Kanti Roy, Muhammad Shahin Uddin, and S. M. Abdur Razzak, "Microstructure core photonic crystal fiber for gas sensing applications," Appl. Opt. 54, 8637-8643 (2015)

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Table of Contents Category
- Remote Sensing and Sensors
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: May 22, 2015
- Revised Manuscript: September 8, 2015
- Manuscript Accepted: September 8, 2015
- Published: October 6, 2015

Abstract

In this paper, a highly sensitive gas sensor based on the microstructure core and cladding photonic crystal fiber (PCF) is presented over the wavelength range from 1.3 to 2.2 μm, which is advantageous for sensor fabrication. The guiding properties of the proposed structure are dependent on geometrical parameters and wavelengths, which are numerically investigated by using a finite element method (FEM). Introducing the microstructure core makes it possible to obtain higher relative sensitivity and achieves low confinement loss. Moreover, it can be shown that increasing the diameter of the air holes in the microstructure core and decreasing the size of hole to hole space (pitch), the relative sensitivity is enhanced. In addition, the confinement loss is reduced by increasing the value of the diameter of the air holes in the cladding. Simulation results reveal that for the optimum design of the proposed PCF it is possible to obtain the highest relative sensitivity of about 42.27% at the wavelength $λ = 1.33 μm$ for the absorption line of methane $({CH}_{4})$ and hydrogen fluoride (HF) gases. In this case, the confinement loss of the fiber is $4.78345 \times 10^{- 6} dB / m$ .

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Gas	Absorption Wavelength (μm)	Line Strength ( ${cm}^{- 2} {atm}^{- 1}$ )
Acetylene $(C_{2} H_{2})$	1.533	$20.00 \times 10^{- 2}$
Hydrogen iodide (HI)	1.541	$0.775 \times 10^{- 2}$
Ammonia $({NH}_{3})$	1.544	$0.925 \times 10^{- 2}$
Carbon monoxide (CO)	1.567	$0.0575 \times 10^{- 2}$
Carbon dioxide $({CO}_{2})$	1.573	$0.048 \times 10^{- 2}$
Hydrogen sulfide $(H_{2} S)$	1.578	$0.325 \times 10^{- 2}$
Methane $({CH}_{4})$	1.667, 1.33	$1.500 \times 10^{- 2}$
Hydrogen fluoride (HF)	1.33	$32.50 \times 10^{- 2}$
Hydrogen bromide (HBr)	1.341	$0.0525 \times 10^{- 2}$
Water $(H_{2} O)$	1.365	$52.50 \times 10^{- 2}$
Nitrogen dioxide $({NO}_{2})$	0.800	$0.125 \times 10^{- 2}$
Oxygen $(O_{2})$	0.761	$0.0191 \times 10^{- 2}$

Changes in Parameters (%)	$r (%)$	$L_{c} (dB / m)$
$- 10$	45.89	$3.90 \times 10^{- 4}$
$- 5$	44.32	$3.84 \times 10^{- 5}$
$- 3$	43.70	$9.71 \times 10^{- 6}$
$- 1$	43.08	$6.38 \times 10^{- 6}$
Optimum	42.27	$4.78 \times 10^{- 6}$
$+ 1$	42.02	$3.52 \times 10^{- 6}$
$+ 3$	41.85	$1.182 \times 10^{- 6}$
$+ 5$	41.23	$5.72 \times 10^{- 7}$
$+ 10$	39.80	$9.18 \times 10^{- 8}$

PCFs	$r$ (%)	$L_{c} (dB / m)$	$d_{c} / d_{m} (μm)$
Ref. [32]	32.99	$2.59 \times 10^{- 5}$	$d_{c} = 1.2$
Ref. [35]	29.80	$4.50 \times 10^{- 1}$	$d_{c} = 1.2$
Proposed PCF	42.27	$4.78 \times 10^{- 6}$	$d_{m} = 0.45$

Gas	Absorption Wavelength (μm)	Line Strength ( ${cm}^{- 2} {atm}^{- 1}$ )
Acetylene $(C_{2} H_{2})$	1.533	$20.00 \times 10^{- 2}$
Hydrogen iodide (HI)	1.541	$0.775 \times 10^{- 2}$
Ammonia $({NH}_{3})$	1.544	$0.925 \times 10^{- 2}$
Carbon monoxide (CO)	1.567	$0.0575 \times 10^{- 2}$
Carbon dioxide $({CO}_{2})$	1.573	$0.048 \times 10^{- 2}$
Hydrogen sulfide $(H_{2} S)$	1.578	$0.325 \times 10^{- 2}$
Methane $({CH}_{4})$	1.667, 1.33	$1.500 \times 10^{- 2}$
Hydrogen fluoride (HF)	1.33	$32.50 \times 10^{- 2}$
Hydrogen bromide (HBr)	1.341	$0.0525 \times 10^{- 2}$
Water $(H_{2} O)$	1.365	$52.50 \times 10^{- 2}$
Nitrogen dioxide $({NO}_{2})$	0.800	$0.125 \times 10^{- 2}$
Oxygen $(O_{2})$	0.761	$0.0191 \times 10^{- 2}$

Changes in Parameters (%)	$r (%)$	$L_{c} (dB / m)$
$- 10$	45.89	$3.90 \times 10^{- 4}$
$- 5$	44.32	$3.84 \times 10^{- 5}$
$- 3$	43.70	$9.71 \times 10^{- 6}$
$- 1$	43.08	$6.38 \times 10^{- 6}$
Optimum	42.27	$4.78 \times 10^{- 6}$
$+ 1$	42.02	$3.52 \times 10^{- 6}$
$+ 3$	41.85	$1.182 \times 10^{- 6}$
$+ 5$	41.23	$5.72 \times 10^{- 7}$
$+ 10$	39.80	$9.18 \times 10^{- 8}$

Abstract

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Applied Optics