Design of a low-cost and compact 1&#x2009;&#xD7;&#x2009;5 wavelength-selective switch for access networks

Tianxin Lu; Neil Collings; Brian Robertson; Daping Chu

doi:10.1364/AO.54.008844

Applied Optics
Vol. 54,
Issue 30,
pp. 8844-8855
(2015)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.54.008844

Design of a low-cost and compact 1 × 5 wavelength-selective switch for access networks

Tianxin Lu, Neil Collings, Brian Robertson, and Daping Chu

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Tianxin Lu, Neil Collings, Brian Robertson, and Daping Chu, "Design of a low-cost and compact 1 × 5 wavelength-selective switch for access networks," Appl. Opt. 54, 8844-8855 (2015)

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- Optical Design and Fabrication
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: August 13, 2015
- Revised Manuscript: September 12, 2015
- Manuscript Accepted: September 15, 2015
- Published: October 13, 2015

Abstract

This paper describes the design, modeling, construction, and testing of a low-cost and compact ( $80 mm \times 50 mm$ ) $1 \times 5$ wavelength-selective switch. The core beam-deflecting element of the switch is a nematic liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator. The switch is designed for coarse wavelength-division multiplexing wavelengths in order to bring the benefit of a low-cost, compact, and robust switching design toward the customer end in the access network. During the system development stage, a single optomechanical assembly was designed and prototyped using the three-dimensional printing technology. The experimental results show an insertion loss of $- 13.8 \pm 1.4 dB$ and a worst-case scenario crosstalk level of $- 24.8 dB$ . Approaches for enhancing the performance of the switch are analyzed and discussed.

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	$λ_{1}$ (1571 nm)	$λ_{2}$ (1551 nm)	$λ_{3}$ (1531 nm)	$λ_{4}$ (1511 nm)
Port 1	$13 μm \times 9.0$ (N)	$13 μm \times 3.0$ (N)	$5.4 μm \times 4.3$ (N)	$5.4 μm \times 3.1$ (N)
Port 2	$13 μm \times 9.0$ (R)	$13 μm \times 9.0$ (N)	$13 μm \times 3.0$ (N)	$5.4 μm \times 4.3$ (N)
Port 3	$13 μm \times 3.0$ (R)	$13 μm \times 9.0$ (R)	$13 μm \times 9.0$ (N)	$13 μm \times 3.0$ (N)
Port 4	$5.4 μm \times 4.3$ (R)	$13 μm \times 3.0$ (R)	$13 μm \times 9.0$ (R)	$13 μm \times 9.0$ (N)
Port 5	$5.4 μm \times 3.1$ (R)	$5.4 μm \times 4.3$ (R)	$13 μm \times 3.0$ (R)	$13 μm \times 9.0$ (R)

Components	Design Parameters
Input SMF with GRIN lens	Pitch	0.25	Numerical aperture	0.5	Diameter	0.5 mm
Spherical lens	Focal length	35 mm	Diameter	6 mm	$x$ position	42.00 mm
Diffraction grating	Grating period	1.67 μm	$x$ position	60.00 mm	Orientation	43.00°
LCOS SLM	Grating period	$13 μm \times 3$ or $13 μm \times 9$	$y$ position	31.76 mm	Orientation	19.20°
Output MMF1 with GRIN lens	$x$ position	58.48 mm	$y$ position	20.09 mm	Orientation	11.69°
Output MMF2 with GRIN lens	$x$ position	58.40 mm	$y$ position	21.74 mm	Orientation	10.55°
Output MMF3 with GRIN lens	$x$ position	58.25 mm	$y$ position	23.38 mm	Orientation	10.16°
Output MMF4 with GRIN lens	$x$ position	58.08 mm	$y$ position	24.97 mm	Orientation	8.31°
Output MMF5 with GRIN lens	$x$ position	57.86 mm	$y$ position	26.55 mm	Orientation	7.21°

	Element or Function	Theoretical Insertion Loss	Measured Insertion Loss
$η_{F}$	Input SMF/GRIN lens	$- 0.09$	$- 2.8 \pm 0.1$
	GRIN lens	$- 0.56$
	Spherical lens	$- 0.04$
	Diffraction grating	$- 2.08$
	LCOS SLM	–	$- 3.6 \pm 0.1$
$η_{D}$	SLM diffraction(Three- or nine-pixel pitch)	$- 1.65$ or $- 0.18$	$- 5.4 \pm 0.1$ or $- 3.8 \pm 0.1$
$η_{C}$	Output MMF/GRIN lens	$- 1.3 \pm 0.1$	$- 3.0 \pm 0.4$
$η_{system}$	Total insertion loss	$- 9.3 \pm 0.1$ or $- 7.8 \pm 0.1$	$- 14.8 \pm 0.6$ or $- 13.2 \pm 0.6$

	$λ_{1}$ (1571 nm)	$λ_{2}$ (1551 nm)	$λ_{3}$ (1531 nm)	$λ_{4}$ (1511 nm)
Port 1	−13.1	−14.8	–	–
Port 2	−13.2	−13.1	−14.5	–
Port 3	−15.2	−13.2	−13.1	−14.4
Port 4	–	−15.1	−13.1	−13.1
Port 5	–	–	−14.5	−13.2

	Desired Port 1	Desired Port 2	Desired Port 3	Desired Port 4	Desired Port 5
Port 1	–	−43.16	−45.34	−45.35	−43.18
Port 2	–	0	−45.34	−45.35	−43.18
Port 3	–	−43.16	0	−45.35	−43.18
Port 4	–	−43.16	−45.34	0	−43.18
Port 5	–	−43.16	−45.34	−45.35	0

	Desired Port 1	Desired Port 2	Desired Port 3	Desired Port 4	Desired Port 5
Port 1	–	−41.8	−41.1	−41.8	−41.7
Port 2	–	0	−33.1	−31.4	−24.8
Port 3	–	−32.8	0	−25.4	−42.0
Port 4	–	−30.9	−28.4	0	−42.0
Port 5	–	−25.7	−34.5	−37.6	0

Abstract

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Applied Optics