Wavelength optimization using available laser diodes in spectral near-infrared optical tomography

Liang-Yu Chen; Min-Cheng Pan; Chung-Chen Yan; Min-Chun Pan

doi:10.1364/AO.55.005729

Applied Optics
Vol. 55,
Issue 21,
pp. 5729-5737
(2016)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.55.005729

Wavelength optimization using available laser diodes in spectral near-infrared optical tomography

Liang-Yu Chen, Min-Cheng Pan, Chung-Chen Yan, and Min-Chun Pan

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Liang-Yu Chen, Min-Cheng Pan, Chung-Chen Yan, and Min-Chun Pan, "Wavelength optimization using available laser diodes in spectral near-infrared optical tomography," Appl. Opt. 55, 5729-5737 (2016)

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- Medical Optics and Biotechnology
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: March 1, 2016
- Revised Manuscript: April 23, 2016
- Manuscript Accepted: April 25, 2016
- Published: July 18, 2016
Virtual Issues
Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics Vol. 11, Iss. 8

Abstract

For employing optimized wavelengths, a near-infrared (NIR) tomographic imaging system with multiwavelengths in a continuous wave (CW) enables us to provide accurate information of chromophores. In this paper, we discuss wavelength optimization with a selection from commercial laser diodes. Through theoretical analysis, the residual norm ( $R$ ) and the condition number ( $κ$ ) represent the uniqueness of a matrix problem and the smooth singular-value distribution of each chromophore, respectively. The optimum wavelengths take place for large $R$ and small $κ$ . We considered a total of 38 wavelengths of laser diodes in the range of 633–980 nm commercially available to discover optimum sets for a broad range of chromophore combinations. In the 38 wavelengths, there exists 501,942 ( $C_{5}^{38}$ ), 2,760,681 ( $C_{6}^{38}$ ), and 12,620,256 ( $C_{7}^{38}$ ) combinations of five, six, and seven wavelength sets, respectively, for accurately estimating chromophores ( ${HbO}_{2}$ , HbR, $H_{2} O$ , and lipids), water, lipids, and the scattering prefactor $A$ . With the numerical calculation, the top 10 wavelength sets were selected based on the principle of large $R$ and small $κ$ . In the study, the chromophore concentration for young and elderly women are investigated; finally, choosing the laser diodes with a wavelength of 650, 690, 705, 730, 870/880, 915, and 937 nm is recommended either for young or elderly women to construct a spectral NIR tomographic imaging system in the CW domain. Simulated data were used to validate the claims.

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Ranges (nm)	Wavelengths (nm)
633–650	633, 635, 636, 637, 638, 639, 640, 642, 643, 647, 650
651–699	655, 658, 660, 670, 685, 690
700–799	705, 730, 760, 773, 780, 785, 790
800–899	808, 816, 830, 850, 852, 860, 870, 880
900–980	905, 915, 937, 940,976, 980

	Young Women	Elderly Women	[6]	[7]	[9]	[10]	[14]	[14]
$[{HbO}_{2}]$	20 μM	30 μM	20 μM	10 μM	10 μM	25 μM	29 μM	53 μM
[HbR]	10 μM	10 μM	10 μM	10 μM	5 μM	10 μM	8 μM	18 μM
$[H_{2} O]$	50%	15%	27%	18%	50%	40%	13%	46%
[Lipid]	25%	85%	25%		25%	30%	86%	29%

	$R$	$κ$	Wavelengths
1	0.4193	14.70	650, 705, 880, 915, 937
2	0.4188	13.99	650, 705, 870, 915, 937
3	0.4173	13.72	650, 730, 870, 915, 937
4	0.4169	26.43	650, 705, 860, 905, 937
5	0.4164	14.37	650, 730, 880, 915, 937
6	0.4164	13.83	650, 705, 860, 915, 937
7	0.4141	13.97	650, 705, 852, 915, 937
8	0.4140	14.03	650, 705, 850, 915, 937
9	0.4130	13.56	650, 730, 860, 915, 937
10	0.4079	13.68	650, 730, 852, 915, 937

	$R$	$κ$	Wavelengths
1	0.5598	13.97	650, 705, 730, 870, 915, 937
2	0.5577	14.61	650, 705, 730, 880, 915, 937
3	0.5557	13.81	650, 705, 730, 860, 915, 937
4	0.5504	13.93	650, 705, 730, 852, 915, 937
5	0.5500	14.00	650, 705, 730, 850, 915, 937
6	0.5453	25.91	650, 705, 730, 860, 905, 937
7	0.5408	25.87	650, 705, 730, 808, 880, 915
8	0.5401	24.82	650, 705, 730, 816, 880, 915
9	0.5388	26.29	650, 705, 730, 852, 905, 937
10	0.5377	26.53	650, 705, 730, 850, 905, 937

	$R$	$κ$	Wavelengths
1	0.6204	14.33	650, 690, 705, 730, 870, 915, 937
2	0.6183	14.98	650, 690, 705, 730, 880, 915, 937
3	0.6166	14.18	650, 690, 705, 730, 860, 915, 937
4	0.6117	14.31	650, 690, 705, 730, 852, 915, 937
5	0.6113	14.37	650, 690, 705, 730, 850, 915, 937
6	0.6077	26.65	650, 690, 705, 730, 860, 905, 937
7	0.6065	14.37	650, 685, 705, 730, 870, 915, 937
8	0.6046	15.02	650, 685, 705, 730, 880, 915, 937
9	0.6027	14.22	650, 685, 705, 730, 860, 915, 937
10	0.6022	26.20	650, 690, 705, 730, 816, 880, 915

Wavelength Set	Wavelengths
1	780, 850, 852, 915, 937
2	650, 685, 690, 785, 850
3	650, 705, 880, 915, 937

Abstract

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Applied Optics