Optical reflectance of pyrheliometer absorption cavities: progress toward SI-traceable measurements of solar irradiance

Heather J. Patrick; Thomas A. Germer; Clarence J. Zarobila; Catherine C. Cooksey; Howard W. Yoon

doi:10.1364/AO.55.006346

Applied Optics
Vol. 55,
Issue 23,
pp. 6346-6354
(2016)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.55.006346

Optical reflectance of pyrheliometer absorption cavities: progress toward SI-traceable measurements of solar irradiance

Heather J. Patrick, Thomas A. Germer, Clarence J. Zarobila, Catherine C. Cooksey, and Howard W. Yoon

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Heather J. Patrick, Thomas A. Germer, Clarence J. Zarobila, Catherine C. Cooksey, and Howard W. Yoon, "Optical reflectance of pyrheliometer absorption cavities: progress toward SI-traceable measurements of solar irradiance," Appl. Opt. 55, 6346-6354 (2016)

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- Instrumentation, Measurement, and Metrology
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: May 20, 2016
- Revised Manuscript: July 5, 2016
- Manuscript Accepted: July 6, 2016
- Published: August 8, 2016

Abstract

We have accurately determined the absorptance of three pyrheliometer cavities at 532 nm by measuring the residual reflectance using an angle-resolved bidirectional reflectometer. Measurements were performed at a normal incidence as a function of the viewing angle and position on the cavity cone. By numerically integrating the measured angle-resolved scatter over both the direction and position and accounting for an obstructed view of the cavity, we determined that the effective cavity reflectance was between $8 \times 10^{- 4}$ and $9 \times 10^{- 4}$ . Thus, the absorptance of the three cavities ranged from $0.99909 \pm 0.00014$ to $0.99922 \pm 0.00012$ ( $k = 2$ combined expanded uncertainties). These measurements, when extended over the spectral range of operation of the pyrheliometer, are required to establish SI traceability for absolute solar irradiance measurements.

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Cavity	Aperture	$ρ_{r = 0}$	$ρ_{r = 1}$	$ρ_{r = 2}$	$ρ_{r = 3}$	$ρ_{uniform}$ [ $U (ρ_{uniform})$ ]
1	off	$3.68 \times 10^{- 3}$	$1.9 \times 10^{- 3}$	$9.3 \times 10^{- 4}$	$5.8 \times 10^{- 4}$	$8.8 \times 10^{- 4}$ $[1.3 \times 10^{- 4}]$
1	on	$1.48 \times 10^{- 3}$	$6.2 \times 10^{- 4}$	$3.8 \times 10^{- 4}$	$3.5 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.1 \times 10^{- 4}$ $[0.6 \times 10^{- 4}]$
2	off	$2.79 \times 10^{- 3}$	$1.58 \times 10^{- 3}$	$9.3 \times 10^{-} 4$	$6.0 \times 10^{- 4}$	$8.4 \times 10^{- 4}$ $[1.3 \times 10^{- 4}]$
2	on	$9.2 \times 10^{- 4}$	$5.5 \times 10^{- 4}$	$3.7 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.0 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.2 \times 10^{- 4}$ $[0.6 \times 10^{- 4}]$
3	off	$3.63 \times 10^{- 3}$	$2.36 \times 10^{- 3}$	$1.01 \times 10^{- 3}$	$6.5 \times 10^{- 4}$	$1.00 \times 10^{- 3}$ $[0.15 \times 10^{- 3}]$
3	on	$1.62 \times 10^{- 3}$	$7.5 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.1 \times 10^{- 4}$	$3.9 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.6 \times 10^{- 4}$ $[0.7 \times 10^{- 4}]$

Cavity	$ρ_{off}$	$ρ_{on}$	$ρ_{e, a}$	$ρ_{e, b}$	$ρ_{e}$ [ $U (ρ_{e})$ ]	$α_{e}$ [ $U (α_{e})$ ]
1	$8.8 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.1 \times 10^{- 4}$	$3.5 \times 10^{- 4}$	$5 \times 10^{- 5}$	$8.1 \times 10^{- 4}$ $[1.3 \times 10^{- 4}]$	0.99919 [0.00013]
2	$8.4 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.2 \times 10^{- 4}$	$3.1 \times 10^{- 4}$	$5 \times 10^{- 5}$	$7.8 \times 10^{- 4}$ $[1.2 \times 10^{- 4}]$	0.99922 [0.00012]
3	$1.00 \times 10^{- 3}$	$4.6 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.0 \times 10^{- 4}$	$5 \times 10^{- 5}$	$9.1 \times 10^{- 4}$ $[1.4 \times 10^{- 4}]$	0.99909 [0.00014]

Cavity	Aperture	$ρ_{r = 0}$	$ρ_{r = 1}$	$ρ_{r = 2}$	$ρ_{r = 3}$	$ρ_{uniform}$ [ $U (ρ_{uniform})$ ]
1	off	$3.68 \times 10^{- 3}$	$1.9 \times 10^{- 3}$	$9.3 \times 10^{- 4}$	$5.8 \times 10^{- 4}$	$8.8 \times 10^{- 4}$ $[1.3 \times 10^{- 4}]$
1	on	$1.48 \times 10^{- 3}$	$6.2 \times 10^{- 4}$	$3.8 \times 10^{- 4}$	$3.5 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.1 \times 10^{- 4}$ $[0.6 \times 10^{- 4}]$
2	off	$2.79 \times 10^{- 3}$	$1.58 \times 10^{- 3}$	$9.3 \times 10^{-} 4$	$6.0 \times 10^{- 4}$	$8.4 \times 10^{- 4}$ $[1.3 \times 10^{- 4}]$
2	on	$9.2 \times 10^{- 4}$	$5.5 \times 10^{- 4}$	$3.7 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.0 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.2 \times 10^{- 4}$ $[0.6 \times 10^{- 4}]$
3	off	$3.63 \times 10^{- 3}$	$2.36 \times 10^{- 3}$	$1.01 \times 10^{- 3}$	$6.5 \times 10^{- 4}$	$1.00 \times 10^{- 3}$ $[0.15 \times 10^{- 3}]$
3	on	$1.62 \times 10^{- 3}$	$7.5 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.1 \times 10^{- 4}$	$3.9 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.6 \times 10^{- 4}$ $[0.7 \times 10^{- 4}]$

Cavity	$ρ_{off}$	$ρ_{on}$	$ρ_{e, a}$	$ρ_{e, b}$	$ρ_{e}$ [ $U (ρ_{e})$ ]	$α_{e}$ [ $U (α_{e})$ ]
1	$8.8 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.1 \times 10^{- 4}$	$3.5 \times 10^{- 4}$	$5 \times 10^{- 5}$	$8.1 \times 10^{- 4}$ $[1.3 \times 10^{- 4}]$	0.99919 [0.00013]
2	$8.4 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.2 \times 10^{- 4}$	$3.1 \times 10^{- 4}$	$5 \times 10^{- 5}$	$7.8 \times 10^{- 4}$ $[1.2 \times 10^{- 4}]$	0.99922 [0.00012]
3	$1.00 \times 10^{- 3}$	$4.6 \times 10^{- 4}$	$4.0 \times 10^{- 4}$	$5 \times 10^{- 5}$	$9.1 \times 10^{- 4}$ $[1.4 \times 10^{- 4}]$	0.99909 [0.00014]

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Applied Optics