Comparison of chirped-probe-pulse and hybrid femtosecond/picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering for combustion thermometry

Daniel R. Richardson; Hans U. Stauffer; Sukesh Roy; James R. Gord

doi:10.1364/AO.56.000E37

Applied Optics
Vol. 56,
Issue 11,
pp. E37-E49
(2017)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.56.000E37

Comparison of chirped-probe-pulse and hybrid femtosecond/picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering for combustion thermometry

Daniel R. Richardson, Hans U. Stauffer, Sukesh Roy, and James R. Gord

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Daniel R. Richardson, Hans U. Stauffer, Sukesh Roy, and James R. Gord, "Comparison of chirped-probe-pulse and hybrid femtosecond/picosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering for combustion thermometry," Appl. Opt. 56, E37-E49 (2017)

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History
- Original Manuscript: November 16, 2016
- Revised Manuscript: January 17, 2017
- Manuscript Accepted: January 17, 2017
- Published: February 14, 2017

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Abstract

A comparison is made between two ultrashort-pulse coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) thermometry techniques—hybrid femtosecond/picosecond (fs/ps) CARS and chirped-probe-pulse (CPP) fs-CARS—that have become standards for high-repetition-rate thermometry in the combustion diagnostics community. These two variants of fs-CARS differ only in the characteristics of the ps-duration probe pulse; in hybrid fs/ps CARS a spectrally narrow, time-asymmetric probe pulse is used, whereas a highly chirped, spectrally broad probe pulse is used in CPP fs-CARS. Temperature measurements were performed using both techniques in near-adiabatic flames in the temperature range 1600–2400 K and for probe time delays of 0–30 ps. Under these conditions, both techniques are shown to exhibit similar temperature measurement accuracies and precisions to previously reported values and to each other. However, it is observed that initial calibration fits to the spectrally broad CPP results require more fitting parameters and a more robust optimization algorithm and therefore significantly increased computational cost and complexity compared to the fitting of hybrid fs/ps CARS data. The optimized model parameters varied more for the CPP measurements than for the hybrid fs/ps measurements for different experimental conditions.

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		Accuracy: $(T_{avg.} - T_{ad.}) / T_{ad.}$ (%)/Precision: $σ / T_{avg.}$ (%)
	$τ_{23}$ (ps)	$Φ = 0.5$	0.6	0.7	0.8	1
	$τ_{23}$ (ps)	$T_{ad.} (K) = 1600$	1810	2000	2170	2370
Hybrid fs/ps CARS	1.0	−2.3/1.5	0.1/1.3	−0.7/2.1	1.3/1.4	3.6/1.5
Hybrid fs/ps CARS	30.0	−5.6/1.8	−3.6/2.2	−2.5/2.3	−1.2/1.8	0.5/2.2
CPP CARS	1.5	1.4/2.1	1.7/1.8	−2.1/2.2	1.8/3.4	36.3/3.4
	1.5*	1.4/2.1	1.7/1.8	−2.1/2.2	1.8/3.4	0.5/2.6
	30.0	11.1/1.4	5.3/1.6	−0.8/1.8	−4.4/2.1	−8.1/1.8

			$τ_{23} = 10 ps$			20 ps			30 ps
	Parameter	Units	$Φ = 0.5$	0.7	1.0	$Φ = 0.5$	0.7	1.0	$Φ = 0.5$	0.7	1.0
Hybrid fs/ps CARS	$ω_{p k}$	${cm}^{- 1}$	−9.7	−8.2	−6.7	−5.3	−3.9	−2.4	−9.8	−10.0	−10.0
Hybrid fs/ps CARS	$τ_{23} - τ_{23, nominal}$	fs	38	−71	−24	−28	−20	−28	15	38	15
CPP CARS	$A_{3} \times 10^{- 3}$	${fs}^{2}$	21.6	17.2	19.0	20.6	25.9	26.5	19.2	21.4	20.8
	$B_{3} \times 10^{- 3}$	${fs}^{3}$	−45.5	−7.5	−77.8	−5.6	87.4	−74.8	−146.5	−119.5	−10.9
	$τ_{23} - τ_{23, nominal}$	fs	725	−138	−325	374	−1523	−1138	415	451	96

			$τ_{23} = 0.5 ps$			1.0 ps			1.5 ps
	Parameter	Units	$Φ = 0.5$	0.7	1.0	$Φ = 0.5$	0.7	1.0	$Φ = 0.5$	0.7	2.6
Hybrid fs/ps CARS	$ω_{p k}$	${cm}^{- 1}$	−1.0	2.2	1.7	−3.8	−4.6	−3.0	7.6	6.8	2.6
	$τ_{12}$	fs	−9	−5	0	20	13	20	12	−29	−32
	$τ_{23} - τ_{23, nominal}$	fs	−102	−141	−138	−49	−47	−57	−89	−69	−61
CPP CARS	$A_{1} \times 10^{- 3}$	${fs}^{2}$	3.21	0.11	0.40	0.59	1.14	0.54	2.61	1.92	0.93
	$A_{2} \times 10^{- 3}$	${fs}^{2}$	4.89	−0.72	0.87	0.22	1.02	0.90	21.14	11.60	2.20
	$A_{3} \times 10^{- 3}$	${fs}^{2}$	21.9	16.5	19.8	20.5	21.0	24.5	18.1	18.2	19.0
	$B_{3} \times 10^{- 3}$	${fs}^{2}$	−112	−10	132	−129	−190	−222	−74	−22	65
	$τ_{12}$	fs	−99	−29	7	2	−19	−2	−68	−267	−20
	$τ_{23} - τ_{23, nominal}$	fs	−47	675	−518	−150	−125	−411	312	578	555

		Accuracy: $(T_{avg.} - T_{ad.}) / T_{ad.}$ (%)/Precision: $σ / T_{avg.}$ (%)
	$τ_{23}$ (ps)	$Φ = 0.5$	0.6	0.7	0.8	1
	$τ_{23}$ (ps)	$T_{ad.} (K) = 1600$	1810	2000	2170	2370
Hybrid fs/ps CARS	1.0	−2.3/1.5	0.1/1.3	−0.7/2.1	1.3/1.4	3.6/1.5
Hybrid fs/ps CARS	30.0	−5.6/1.8	−3.6/2.2	−2.5/2.3	−1.2/1.8	0.5/2.2
CPP CARS	1.5	1.4/2.1	1.7/1.8	−2.1/2.2	1.8/3.4	36.3/3.4
	1.5*	1.4/2.1	1.7/1.8	−2.1/2.2	1.8/3.4	0.5/2.6
	30.0	11.1/1.4	5.3/1.6	−0.8/1.8	−4.4/2.1	−8.1/1.8

			$τ_{23} = 10 ps$			20 ps			30 ps
	Parameter	Units	$Φ = 0.5$	0.7	1.0	$Φ = 0.5$	0.7	1.0	$Φ = 0.5$	0.7	1.0
Hybrid fs/ps CARS	$ω_{p k}$	${cm}^{- 1}$	−9.7	−8.2	−6.7	−5.3	−3.9	−2.4	−9.8	−10.0	−10.0
Hybrid fs/ps CARS	$τ_{23} - τ_{23, nominal}$	fs	38	−71	−24	−28	−20	−28	15	38	15
CPP CARS	$A_{3} \times 10^{- 3}$	${fs}^{2}$	21.6	17.2	19.0	20.6	25.9	26.5	19.2	21.4	20.8
	$B_{3} \times 10^{- 3}$	${fs}^{3}$	−45.5	−7.5	−77.8	−5.6	87.4	−74.8	−146.5	−119.5	−10.9
	$τ_{23} - τ_{23, nominal}$	fs	725	−138	−325	374	−1523	−1138	415	451	96

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Applied Optics