Effect of Yb doping on the refractive index and thermo-optic coefficient of YVO<sub>4</sub> single crystals

M. Soharab; Indranil Bhaumik; R. Bhatt; A. Saxena; A. K. Karnal; P. K. Gupta

doi:10.1364/AO.56.001682

Applied Optics
Vol. 56,
Issue 6,
pp. 1682-1688
(2017)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.56.001682

Effect of Yb doping on the refractive index and thermo-optic coefficient of YVO₄ single crystals

M. Soharab, Indranil Bhaumik, R. Bhatt, A. Saxena, A. K. Karnal, and P. K. Gupta

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M. Soharab, Indranil Bhaumik, R. Bhatt, A. Saxena, A. K. Karnal, and P. K. Gupta, "Effect of Yb doping on the refractive index and thermo-optic coefficient of YVO₄ single crystals," Appl. Opt. 56, 1682-1688 (2017)

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Abstract

Single crystals of ${YVO}_{4}$ with different doping concentrations of Yb (1.5, 3.0, 8.0, and 15.0 at. %) and with good crystalline quality (FWHM $\sim 43 - 55$ arc sec of rocking curve) were grown by the optical floating zone technique. Refractive index measurements were carried out at four wavelengths as a function of temperature. The measurements show that as the doping concentration of Yb is increased, the refractive index varies marginally for $n_{e}$ whereas there is a significant change in the value of $n_{o}$ . The thermo-optic coefficient (dn/dT) was found to be positive with a value $\sim 10^{- 5} / ° C$ , which is 1 order higher than that for the undoped ${YVO}_{4}$ crystal. The thermo-optic coefficient is higher for $n_{e}$ compared to that of $n_{o}$ . Also, a set of relations describing the wavelength dependence of the thermo-optic coefficient were established that are useful for calculating the thermo-optic coefficient at any temperature in the range 30°C–150°C and at any wavelength in the range 532–1551 nm.

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Sr. No	Doped Yb (at. %)	Yb conc. (at. %)
1	1.5	1.48
2	3.0	2.94
3	8.0	7.88
4	15	14.3

$λ$ (nm)	Yb 1.5 at. %		Yb 3.0 at. %		Yb 8.0 at. %		Yb 15 at. %
$λ$ (nm)	( $n_{e}$ )	( $n_{o}$ )	( $n_{e}$ )	( $n_{o}$ )	( $n_{e}$ )	( $n_{o}$ )	( $n_{e}$ )	( $n_{o}$ )
532	2.249(8)	2.018(9)	2.252(8)	2.019(2)	2.253(9)	2.021(9)	2.250(7)	2.023(2)
828	2.181(4)	1.971(0)	2.184(9)	1.971(7)	2.185(3)	1.973(2)	2.182(2)	1.975(0)
1064	2.164(4)	1.958(8)	2.167(0)	1.959(1)	2.168(3)	1.961(0)	2.165(2)	1.962(5)
1551	2.147(6)	1.946(9)	2.149(5)	1.947(0)	2.151(0)	1.948(4)	2.148(2)	1.950(2)

Sellmeier Coefficients	Temperature (°C)
Sellmeier Coefficients	30 (RT)	50	75	100	125	150
Yb 1.5 at. %: $n_{e}$
$A_{0}$	4.58303	4.58931	4.59885	4.60829	4.61737	4.62223
$B_{0}$	0.11596	0.1171	0.11592	0.11719	0.11631	0.11942
$C_{0}$	0.03689	0.03756	0.04177	0.04078	0.04421	0.04099
$D_{0}$	0.01191	0.01219	0.0119	0.01229	0.0127	0.01253
Yb 1.5 at. %: $n_{o}$
$A_{0}$	3.77555	3.78687	3.79529	3.79895	3.80554	3.81086
$B_{0}$	0.07525	0.07152	0.0698	0.07104	0.07187	0.07373
$C_{0}$	0.03514	0.04496	0.05639	0.05331	0.04852	0.04293
$D_{0}$	0.00823	0.01015	0.01077	0.00949	0.0102	0.0112
Yb 3.0 at. %: $n_{e}$
$A_{0}$	4.61202	4.61422	4.62576	4.62898	4.63572	4.64512
$B_{0}$	0.10807	0.11267	0.111	0.1152	0.11657	0.11679
$C_{0}$	0.05125	0.04536	0.04903	0.04517	0.04521	0.04554
$D_{0}$	0.01634	0.01497	0.01549	0.01403	0.01368	0.01427
Yb 3.0 at. %: $n_{o}$
$A_{0}$	3.78117	3.78655	3.79332	3.79549	3.80262	3.82101
$B_{0}$	0.07472	0.07606	0.07512	0.07948	0.07863	0.06925
$C_{0}$	0.03474	0.03159	0.03668	0.02799	0.03055	0.05325
$D_{0}$	0.01057	0.01095	0.01049	0.01036	0.01035	0.01408
Yb 8.0 at. %: $n_{e}$
$A_{0}$	4.59192	4.6052	4.61671	4.61833	4.62756	4.64035
$B_{0}$	0.12247	0.11856	0.11694	0.12212	0.12227	0.1214
$C_{0}$	0.02893	0.03604	0.03939	0.03541	0.03597	0.03749
$D_{0}$	0.01184	0.01366	0.01439	0.0124	0.01284	0.01478
Yb 8.0 at. %: $n_{o}$
$A_{0}$	3.79196	3.79531	3.80035	3.80916	3.81818	3.81943
$B_{0}$	0.07107	0.07337	0.07375	0.06993	0.06866	0.0738
$C_{0}$	0.0445	0.04053	0.04252	0.05513	0.05865	0.04415
$D_{0}$	0.01083	0.01037	0.00967	0.00995	0.01178	0.01059
Yb 15 at. %: $n_{e}$
$A_{0}$	4.61244	4.6209	4.63126	4.63985	4.6411	4.65072
$B_{0}$	0.11162	0.11157	0.11168	0.1115	0.11763	0.11519
$C_{0}$	0.04585	0.04786	0.04863	0.05171	0.04442	0.04949
$D_{0}$	0.01395	0.01437	0.01498	0.01559	0.01393	0.01348
Yb 15 at. %: $n_{o}$
$A_{0}$	3.80704	3.80941	3.81304	3.83008	3.82777	3.83714
$B_{0}$	0.06646	0.0691	0.072	0.06268	0.06796	0.06627
$C_{0}$	0.05446	0.04986	0.04384	0.06995	0.05896	0.06406
$D_{0}$	0.01307	0.01251	0.0118	0.0148	0.01159	0.01372

Sr. No	Doped Yb (at. %)	Yb conc. (at. %)
1	1.5	1.48
2	3.0	2.94
3	8.0	7.88
4	15	14.3

$λ$ (nm)	Yb 1.5 at. %		Yb 3.0 at. %		Yb 8.0 at. %		Yb 15 at. %
$λ$ (nm)	( $n_{e}$ )	( $n_{o}$ )	( $n_{e}$ )	( $n_{o}$ )	( $n_{e}$ )	( $n_{o}$ )	( $n_{e}$ )	( $n_{o}$ )
532	2.249(8)	2.018(9)	2.252(8)	2.019(2)	2.253(9)	2.021(9)	2.250(7)	2.023(2)
828	2.181(4)	1.971(0)	2.184(9)	1.971(7)	2.185(3)	1.973(2)	2.182(2)	1.975(0)
1064	2.164(4)	1.958(8)	2.167(0)	1.959(1)	2.168(3)	1.961(0)	2.165(2)	1.962(5)
1551	2.147(6)	1.946(9)	2.149(5)	1.947(0)	2.151(0)	1.948(4)	2.148(2)	1.950(2)

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Applied Optics