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Temperature-independent hygrometry using micromachined photonic crystal fiber

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Abstract

An in-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated for relative humidity (RH) and temperature measurements. The MZI is formed by a grapefruit-shaped photonic crystal fiber (G-PCF) cascaded with a short section of multimode fiber that serves as a mode coupler. To enhance sensitivity to humidity, femtosecond laser micromachining was performed to remove a portion of cladding of the G-PCF to expose its core to the ambient medium. The output interference spectrum is fast Fourier transformed to produce a spatial frequency spectrum that describes the intensity composition of the cladding modes in the MZI. In our investigation, it was observed that the interference dip intensity has a sensitivity of 0.077dB/%RH to the change of RH in the range of 25%–80% RH, whereas the dip wavelength has a temperature sensitivity of 3.3pm/°C in the range of 25°C–70°C. In addition, the dip intensity was insensitive to temperature. These characteristics have provided convenience in eliminating temperature cross talk and achieving accurate humidity measurement.

© 2018 Optical Society of America

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