Eddy current pulsed thermography for ballistic impact evaluation in basalt-carbon hybrid composite panels

Hai Zhang; Stefano Sfarra; Ahmad Osman; Fabrizio Sarasini; Udo Netzelmann; Stefano Perilli; Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo; Xavier P. V. Maldague

doi:10.1364/AO.57.000D74

Applied Optics
Vol. 57,
Issue 18,
pp. D74-D81
(2018)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.000D74

Eddy current pulsed thermography for ballistic impact evaluation in basalt-carbon hybrid composite panels

Hai Zhang, Stefano Sfarra, Ahmad Osman, Fabrizio Sarasini, Udo Netzelmann, Stefano Perilli, Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo, and Xavier P. V. Maldague

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Hai Zhang, Stefano Sfarra, Ahmad Osman, Fabrizio Sarasini, Udo Netzelmann, Stefano Perilli, Clemente Ibarra-Castanedo, and Xavier P. V. Maldague, "Eddy current pulsed thermography for ballistic impact evaluation in basalt-carbon hybrid composite panels," Appl. Opt. 57, D74-D81 (2018)

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Abstract

In this paper, eddy current pulsed thermography was used to evaluate ballistic impact damages in basalt-carbon hybrid fiber-reinforced polymer composite laminates for the first time, to our knowledge. In particular, different hybrid structures including intercalated stacking and sandwich-like sequences were used. Pulsed phase thermography, wavelet transform, principle component thermography, and partial least-squares thermography were used to process the thermographic data. Ultrasound C-scan testing and X-ray computed tomography were also performed for comparative purposes. Finite element analysis was used for validation. Finally, an analytical and comparative study was conducted based on signal-to-noise ratio analysis.

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Structure	Stacking Sequence	Fiber Volume Fraction	Density [ $g / {cm}^{3}$ ]	Thickness [mm]	Impact Velocity [m/s]
SAN-CBC	${[C_{5} / B_{10}]}_{s}$	$0.63 \pm 0.01$	$1.87 \pm 0.02$	$4.00 \pm 0.05$	251.71
SAN-BCB	${[B_{7} / C_{9}]}_{s}$	$0.61 \pm 0.01$	$1.72 \pm 0.02$	$4.40 \pm 0.06$	201.69
INT-CBC	${[{(C_{2} / B_{2})}_{3} / C_{2} / B]}_{s}$	$0.60 \pm 0.01$	$1.71 \pm 0.01$	$4.30 \pm 0.05$	253.46
INT-BCB	${[{(B_{2} / C_{2})}_{3} / B_{2} / C]}_{s}$	$0.61 \pm 0.01$	$1.77 \pm 0.02$	$4.20 \pm 0.05$	248.22

Structure	Young’s Modulus $E$ [GPa]	Density $ρ$ [ $kg / m^{3}$ ]
Basalt	93	2630
Carbon	230	1780
Steel	205	7820

Structure	Stacking Sequence	Fiber Volume Fraction	Density [ $g / {cm}^{3}$ ]	Thickness [mm]	Impact Velocity [m/s]
SAN-CBC	${[C_{5} / B_{10}]}_{s}$	$0.63 \pm 0.01$	$1.87 \pm 0.02$	$4.00 \pm 0.05$	251.71
SAN-BCB	${[B_{7} / C_{9}]}_{s}$	$0.61 \pm 0.01$	$1.72 \pm 0.02$	$4.40 \pm 0.06$	201.69
INT-CBC	${[{(C_{2} / B_{2})}_{3} / C_{2} / B]}_{s}$	$0.60 \pm 0.01$	$1.71 \pm 0.01$	$4.30 \pm 0.05$	253.46
INT-BCB	${[{(B_{2} / C_{2})}_{3} / B_{2} / C]}_{s}$	$0.61 \pm 0.01$	$1.77 \pm 0.02$	$4.20 \pm 0.05$	248.22

Structure	Young’s Modulus $E$ [GPa]	Density $ρ$ [ $kg / m^{3}$ ]
Basalt	93	2630
Carbon	230	1780
Steel	205	7820

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