Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature with high sensitivity based on a multipath fiber Mach&#x2013;Zehnder interferometer

Yajun Jiang; Tao Wang; Chi Liu; Dingyi Feng; Biqiang Jiang; Dexing Yang; Jianlin Zhao

doi:10.1364/AO.58.004085

Applied Optics
Vol. 58,
Issue 15,
pp. 4085-4090
(2019)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.004085

Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature with high sensitivity based on a multipath fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer

Yajun Jiang, Tao Wang, Chi Liu, Dingyi Feng, Biqiang Jiang, Dexing Yang, and Jianlin Zhao

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Yajun Jiang, Tao Wang, Chi Liu, Dingyi Feng, Biqiang Jiang, Dexing Yang, and Jianlin Zhao, "Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature with high sensitivity based on a multipath fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer," Appl. Opt. 58, 4085-4090 (2019)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics, Fiber Sensors, and Optical Communications
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: March 15, 2019
- Revised Manuscript: April 19, 2019
- Manuscript Accepted: April 19, 2019
- Published: May 20, 2019

Abstract

We present and experimentally demonstrate a highly sensitive sensor for simultaneously measuring the refractive index (RI) and temperature based on a multipath fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The sensor is fabricated by sandwiching a segment of weak-coupling seven-core fiber (SCF) with two short multimode fibers, and then splicing it with lead-in and lead-out single-mode fibers, respectively. Six outer cores of the SCF are half-etched chemically for enhancing the interaction between light and matter. A high-quality transmission spectrum with 23 dB fringe visibility is obtained. Due to the strong interaction between the outer core modes and cladding modes with the surrounding medium, the proposed fiber structure exhibits not only an extremely high RI sensitivity of $- 1802.26 nm / RI$ unit from 1.427 to 1.442, but also a superior temperature sensitivity of 82 pm/°C from 10°C to 90°C. Moreover, RI and temperature can be discriminated simultaneously by measuring the central wavelength shifts of two transmission notches. This sensor has outstanding advantages of high sensitivity, easy fabrication, simple structure, and low cost, and may find applications in multiparameter highly sensitive sensing.

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Methods	Sensitivity of RI (nm/RIU)	Sensitivity of $T$ (pm/°C)	Low Cost	Discriminate $T$ and RI
Tapered PCF-based M–ZI [11]	51.902 at 1.3411–1.3737	0.9 at 20°C–50°C	Yes	No
Tapered TCF-based M–ZI [14]	240.22 at 1.3774–1.3909	2 at 20°C–80°C	Yes	No
Etched TCF-based M–ZI [15]	351.19 at 1.3841–1.3981	0.37 at 30°C–80°C	Yes	No
Fs laser machining + M–ZI [16]	−10981 at 1.3–1.34	43.6 at 25°C–100°C	No	No
Combining FCF with FBG [18]	106.16 at 1.3388–1.3707	194.57 at 0°C–60°C	Yes	Yes
Fs laser machining + M–ZI [19]	−9756.75 at 1.333–1.3375	43.9 at 30°C–60°C	No	No
Fs laser machining + M–ZI [20]	−103 at 1.33–1.38	73.07 at 25°C–65°C	No	Yes
Focused ion beam milling [22]	−1316 at 1.309–1.321	−15.8 at 25°C–95°C	No	Yes
Hybriding LPFG and FBG [23]	−330 at 1.42–1.44	48.1 at 10°C–60°C	Yes	Yes
Hybriding LPFG and taper [26]	−108.16 at 1.338–1.363	120 at 30°C–80°C	Yes	Yes
Hybriding LPFG and core-offset [27]	−55.06 at 1.33–1.38	60.7 at 25°C–75°C	Yes	Yes
Hybriding FBG and microfiber [28]	−166.3 at 1.420–1.448	51.1 at 25°C–95°C	Yes	Yes
Hybriding FBG and special fiber structure [29]	−91.77 at 1.336–1.380	71.75 at 25°C–75 °C	Yes	Yes
Composite interferometer [31]	108 at 1.333–1.374	27.5 at 20°C–100°C	Yes	No
Two F–P microresonator [32]	1130 at 1.333–1.343	85.2 at 20°C–56°C	No	Yes
Hybriding taper and PCF [33]	−166.3 at 1.420–1.448	143 at 20°C–70°C	Yes	Yes
Micromachining by chemical etching [34]	1067 at 1.3180–1.3253	9.87 at 25°C–65°C	Yes	Yes
This paper	−1802.26 at 1.427–1.442	82 at 10°C–90°C	Yes	Yes

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Applied Optics