Predistortion and pre-equalization for nonlinearities and low-pass effect mitigation in OFDM-VLC systems

Luis Carlos Mathias; Jose Carlos Marinello Filho; Taufik Abrao

doi:10.1364/AO.58.005328

Applied Optics
Vol. 58,
Issue 19,
pp. 5328-5338
(2019)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.005328

Predistortion and pre-equalization for nonlinearities and low-pass effect mitigation in OFDM-VLC systems

Luis Carlos Mathias, Jose Carlos Marinello Filho, and Taufik Abrao

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Luis Carlos Mathias, Jose Carlos Marinello Filho, and Taufik Abrao, "Predistortion and pre-equalization for nonlinearities and low-pass effect mitigation in OFDM-VLC systems," Appl. Opt. 58, 5328-5338 (2019)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fourier Optics and Optical Processing
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: March 25, 2019
- Revised Manuscript: June 4, 2019
- Manuscript Accepted: June 7, 2019
- Published: July 1, 2019

Abstract

The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission is a promising candidate for visible light communication (VLC) applications. However, the nonlinearity in the optical power emitted by the high-power light-emitting diode (HPLED) as a function of current and temperature implies drastic OFDM-VLC performance degradation. The first part of this work experimentally confirms and models this degradation due to temperature in a white HPLED. The higher attenuation at high frequencies, which is inherent to the HPLED and which is accentuated by the effect of the intrinsic capacitance of the photodiode, is another factor of degradation due to the reduction in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the receiver for such frequencies. For the mitigation of these combined effects, we propose a predistortion and a digital pre-equalization scheme using a luminous feedback signal at the transmitter side. The VLC system is modeled so that the operating points are mathematically deduced and evaluated by simulations and by an experimental setup. By allowing the linearization of the transmitted light signal and the maintenance of a uniform SNR among all OFDM subcarriers, the performance improvement is confirmed in comparison with other schemes, such as a VLC system without predistortion, predistortion with fixed parameters, as well as a simple post-equalization.

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$T$ [°C]	Parameters
$T$ [°C]	$A$	$B$	$C$	$R$
−10	−0.23735	0.764263	0.009285	0.99997
0	−0.24969	0.763086	0.008686	0.99998
10	−0.22750	0.751208	0.008882	0.99999
20	−0.24060	0.745831	0.008781	0.99998
30	−0.22566	0.742316	0.008848	0.99997
40	−0.25976	0.734123	0.008910	0.99993
50	−0.26767	0.730652	0.008128	0.99997
60	−0.26323	0.722152	0.008205	0.99998
70	−0.27341	0.713003	0.007769	0.99997
80	−0.27189	0.698047	0.007694	0.99997
90	−0.26485	0.680774	0.007487	0.99997
100	−0.25532	0.661240	0.007331	0.99997

HPLED	Receivers^a	OFDM/TIA
$r_{led} = [2, 2, 3]$	$r_{rx} = [2, 2, 1]$	$B_{OFDM} = 5 MHz$
$n_{led} = [0, 0, - 1]$	$n_{rx} = [0, 0, 1]$	$N = 1024$
$n_{l} = 0.5$	$r_{fb} = [1.98, 2, 2.98]$	$γ = 5$
$I_{bias, 0} = 175 mA$	$n_{fb} = [1 / \sqrt{2}, 0, 1 / \sqrt{2}]$	$G_{tia} = 4.7 kΩ$
$I_{u} = 150 mA$	$A_{pd} = 1 {mm}^{2}$
$I_{l} = - 150 mA$	$R_{pd} = 0.54 A / W$

$T$ [°C]	Parameters
$T$ [°C]	$A$	$B$	$C$	$R$
−10	−0.23735	0.764263	0.009285	0.99997
0	−0.24969	0.763086	0.008686	0.99998
10	−0.22750	0.751208	0.008882	0.99999
20	−0.24060	0.745831	0.008781	0.99998
30	−0.22566	0.742316	0.008848	0.99997
40	−0.25976	0.734123	0.008910	0.99993
50	−0.26767	0.730652	0.008128	0.99997
60	−0.26323	0.722152	0.008205	0.99998
70	−0.27341	0.713003	0.007769	0.99997
80	−0.27189	0.698047	0.007694	0.99997
90	−0.26485	0.680774	0.007487	0.99997
100	−0.25532	0.661240	0.007331	0.99997

HPLED	Receivers^a	OFDM/TIA
$r_{led} = [2, 2, 3]$	$r_{rx} = [2, 2, 1]$	$B_{OFDM} = 5 MHz$
$n_{led} = [0, 0, - 1]$	$n_{rx} = [0, 0, 1]$	$N = 1024$
$n_{l} = 0.5$	$r_{fb} = [1.98, 2, 2.98]$	$γ = 5$
$I_{bias, 0} = 175 mA$	$n_{fb} = [1 / \sqrt{2}, 0, 1 / \sqrt{2}]$	$G_{tia} = 4.7 kΩ$
$I_{u} = 150 mA$	$A_{pd} = 1 {mm}^{2}$
$I_{l} = - 150 mA$	$R_{pd} = 0.54 A / W$

Abstract

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Equations (23)

Applied Optics