Abstract
The Vernier effect of two cascaded in-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) based on a spherical-shaped structure has been investigated. The envelope based on the Vernier effect is actually formed by a frequency component of the superimposed spectrum, and the frequency value is determined by the subtraction between the optical path differences of two cascaded MZIs. A method based on band-pass filtering is put forward to extract the envelope efficiently; strain and curvature measurements are carried out to verify the validity of the method. The results show that the strain and curvature sensitivities are enhanced to and with magnification factors of 5.4 and , respectively. The detection limit of the sensors with the Vernier effect is also discussed.
© 2019 Optical Society of America
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