Generation of high-energy rectangular pulses in a nonlinear polarization rotation mode-locked ring fiber laser

Jinjuan Gao; Tingyin Ning; Yanjun Liu; Xinxin Shang; Xile Han; Quanxin Guo; Linguang Guo; Zhengyi Lu; Zhihao Wang; Huanian Zhang; Shouzhen Jiang

doi:10.1364/AO.58.007897

Applied Optics
Vol. 58,
Issue 28,
pp. 7897-7903
(2019)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.007897

Generation of high-energy rectangular pulses in a nonlinear polarization rotation mode-locked ring fiber laser

Jinjuan Gao, Tingyin Ning, Yanjun Liu, Xinxin Shang, Xile Han, Quanxin Guo, Linguang Guo, Zhengyi Lu, Zhihao Wang, Huanian Zhang, and Shouzhen Jiang

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Jinjuan Gao, Tingyin Ning, Yanjun Liu, Xinxin Shang, Xile Han, Quanxin Guo, Linguang Guo, Zhengyi Lu, Zhihao Wang, Huanian Zhang, and Shouzhen Jiang, "Generation of high-energy rectangular pulses in a nonlinear polarization rotation mode-locked ring fiber laser," Appl. Opt. 58, 7897-7903 (2019)

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Abstract

In this paper, a novel high-energy mode-locked fiber laser based on the nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) technique is presented to generate 331 nJ rectangular pulses. When pump power was 2659 mW, the maximum output power would be 102.3 mW; the maximum peak power was 41.74 W under the pump power of 1766 mW. In this study, the use of two homemade laser diodes and other common fiber devices was a vital step to achieve the low-cost and high-efficiency NPR mode-locked fiber laser. Based on these results, a novel approach could be developed to realize a high-energy rectangular pulse and promote the practical applications of the NPR mode-locked fiber laser in the field of ultrafast photonics.

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Cavity Type	$λ_{c}$ nm	$τ_{max}$ ns	$P_{p u m p} / P_{a v e}$ mW	$E_{p u l s e max}$ nJ	${P e a k P o w e r}_{max}$ W	Repetition Rate kHz	Refs.
Ring	1066	91	299/13.7	54.6	0.6	251.6	[10]
Dual-pump figure- eight	1064.3	18	550/110	147	8.3	735	[15]
Figure-eight	1565	76	350/35.73	135	1.77	264.1	[24]
Ring	1567	306	1085/12	200	—	195	[25]
Figure-eight	1560	2272	508/7.4	236.8	0.1	31.25	[26]
Dual-pump ring	1560.88	20.79	2659/ 102.3	331	41.74	308.7	this work

Materials	Central Wavelength (nm)	Pulse Duration (ps)	Repetition Rate (MHz)	Output Power (mW)	Pulse Energy (nJ)	Refs.
${W S}_{2}$	1052.45	713	23.26	30	1.29	[27]
BP	1085.58	—	13.5	80	5.93	[28]
Graphene	1074.5	680	1.04	170	164	[29]
${B i}_{2} {S e}_{3}$	1031.7	46	44.6	33.7	0.76	[30]
${M o S}_{2}$	1054.3	800 ps	6.58	9.3	—	[31]
G- ${B i}_{2} {T e}_{3}$ heterostructure	1058.9	189.94	harmonic 79.13	6	3	[32]
Graphene	1568	844 fs	16.34	30	1.84	[33]
Graphene	1555	510 fs	15.36	80	5.2	[34]
${B i}_{2} {S e}_{3}$	1561.6–1562.1 (dual wavelength)	25.16 ns	3.54	10	2.824	[20]
${B i}_{2} {S e}_{3}$	$1562.267 / \sim 1560.5$	187 ns/–	537.6 KHz	9.23/33.8	17.2/62.87	[35]
${B i}_{2} {T e}_{3}$	1564.1	920 fs	2.95 GHz	45.3	15.36 pJ	[36]
${S b}_{2} {T e}_{3}$	1530	—	94	12	0.127	[37]
BP	1559.5	670 fs	8.77	$\sim 53$	—	[38]
$M o S e_{2}$	1557.3	751 fs	3.27 GHz	22.8	6.7 pJ	[39]
$W S e_{2}$	1557.4	163.5 fs	63.133	28.5	—	[40]
${I n}_{2} {S e}_{3}$	1565/1932	276 fs/1.02 ps	40.9/15.8	83.2/112.4	2.03/7.1	[41]
$M o T e_{2}$	1559/1934.8	229 fs/1.3 ps	26.6/15.37	57/212	2.14/13.8	[42]
$R e S_{2}$	1565	3.14 ns	318.5	12	0.037	[43]
${W S}_{2}$	1561	246 fs	101.4	18	—	[44]
${W S e}_{2}$	1562	185 fs	58.8	30	—	[45]
${W S}_{2}$	1531.5/1557.5	11 ps	2.14	14.2	4.74	[46]
${S b}_{2} {T e}_{3}$	1568.8	195 fs	33.07	9	0.27	[47]
${W S}_{2}$	1568.3	1.49 ps	0.487	62.5	—	[48]
${B i}_{2} {T e}_{3}$	tunable, 1548.2–1570.1	4.5 ps	10.71	30	2.8	[49]
${B i}_{2} {T e}_{3}$	1560	tunable 2.7-12.8 ns	1.7	32.9	22.4	[50]
${W S e}_{2}$	1863.96	1.16 ps	11.36	32.5	—	[51]
${W T e}_{2}$	1915.5	1.25 ps	18.72	39.9	2.13	[52]
${M o S}_{2}$	1905	843	9.67	150	15.5	[53]
${M o T e}_{2}$	1930.22	952 fs	14.353	36.7	2.56	[54]
${B i}_{2} {T e}_{3}$	2830	6 ps	10.4	90	8.6	[55]
BP	2783	42 ps	24	613	25.5	[56]
${S n S e}_{2}$	1063	759.9 ps	333 kHz	4.5	–	[57]
${B i}_{2} {S e}_{3}$	1549.99	1.34 µs	—	23.61	224.5	[58]
${C r}_{2} {G e}_{2} {T e}_{6}$	1558.6	550 fs	7.95	24.2	3.04	[59]
CVD- ${B i}_{2} {S e}_{3}$	1557.908	7.78 ns	1.71	81.2	47.5	[60]

Cavity Type	Central Wavelength (nm)	Pulse Duration	Repetition Rate	Output Power (mW)	Pulse Energy (nJ)	Refs.
Ring PM-ISO	1070/1120	271 ps–2.3 ns	1.86 MHz	38.6	34	[61]
Ring	1030/1080	805 ps	366 kHz	31.3	90	[62]
Ring	1031.5	1.63 µs	613 kHz	79	263	[63]
Ring NPR	1034	390 ps	3.3 MHz	199.6	60	[64]
Ring special	1070.5	726 ps	251.6 kHz	200	12.3	[65]
Ring	1017–1097	16 ns–18 ns	690 kHz	15	20	[66]
Ring (special device)	1061.04	8.8 ps–22.92 ns	3.9 MHz	12.6	3.24	[67]
Figure-8	1045.1	26.3 ps–8.621 ns	2.533 MHz	13.78	4.8	[16]
Figure-8 (special)	1035	93 fs	6 MHz	60	10	[68]
Ring PM-ISO	1070/1120	4 ns	1.85 MHz	62.1	34	[69]
Figure-8 NPR	1558.9	$135 \sim 2272 n s$	31.25 kHz	7.4	236.8	[26]
Ring NPR	1570	55 fs	37.8 MHz	56.4	1.5	[70]
Ring (include PBS)	1560	75 fs (compress)	43 MHz	18	80	[71]
Ring (special TFG)	1548–1562	600 fs	—	—	—	[72]
Linear	1552–1564	528 fs	33.5 MHz	60	1.8	[73]
Ring PS-ISO	1557–1574	290 fs	8.2 MHz	—	8	[74]
Ring	1563	30.5 ps	3.3 MHz	40	12	[75]
Figure-8	1561	3 ns	3.2 MHz	20.55	6.4	[76]
Ring PS-ISO	1555	330 ps	5.846 MHz	18.9	3.2	[77]
Ring	1066	91	251.6	13.7	54.6	[10]
Dual-pump figure-8	1064.3	18	735	110	147	[15]
Ring NPR	1567	$15 \sim 306$	195 kHz	11.5	200	[25]
Ring (include PBS)	1550	750 fs	3.5 MHz	71	20	[78]
Ring	1552–1572	35 ps	2.3 MHz	22	9.4	[79]
Ring NPR	1563	—	278.79 kHz	22.16	79.5	[80]
Ring PS-ISO	1564	—	—	228	70	[81]
Ring NPR	—	1716 ns	173.05 kHz	7.2	41.8	[5]
Figure-8	1880	—	—	225	—	[82]
Dual-pump ring	1560.88	20.79	308.7 kHz	102.3	331	this work

Cavity Type	$λ_{c}$ nm	$τ_{max}$ ns	$P_{p u m p} / P_{a v e}$ mW	$E_{p u l s e max}$ nJ	${P e a k P o w e r}_{max}$ W	Repetition Rate kHz	Refs.
Ring	1066	91	299/13.7	54.6	0.6	251.6	[10]
Dual-pump figure- eight	1064.3	18	550/110	147	8.3	735	[15]
Figure-eight	1565	76	350/35.73	135	1.77	264.1	[24]
Ring	1567	306	1085/12	200	—	195	[25]
Figure-eight	1560	2272	508/7.4	236.8	0.1	31.25	[26]
Dual-pump ring	1560.88	20.79	2659/ 102.3	331	41.74	308.7	this work

Materials	Central Wavelength (nm)	Pulse Duration (ps)	Repetition Rate (MHz)	Output Power (mW)	Pulse Energy (nJ)	Refs.
${W S}_{2}$	1052.45	713	23.26	30	1.29	[27]
BP	1085.58	—	13.5	80	5.93	[28]
Graphene	1074.5	680	1.04	170	164	[29]
${B i}_{2} {S e}_{3}$	1031.7	46	44.6	33.7	0.76	[30]
${M o S}_{2}$	1054.3	800 ps	6.58	9.3	—	[31]
G- ${B i}_{2} {T e}_{3}$ heterostructure	1058.9	189.94	harmonic 79.13	6	3	[32]
Graphene	1568	844 fs	16.34	30	1.84	[33]
Graphene	1555	510 fs	15.36	80	5.2	[34]
${B i}_{2} {S e}_{3}$	1561.6–1562.1 (dual wavelength)	25.16 ns	3.54	10	2.824	[20]
${B i}_{2} {S e}_{3}$	$1562.267 / \sim 1560.5$	187 ns/–	537.6 KHz	9.23/33.8	17.2/62.87	[35]
${B i}_{2} {T e}_{3}$	1564.1	920 fs	2.95 GHz	45.3	15.36 pJ	[36]
${S b}_{2} {T e}_{3}$	1530	—	94	12	0.127	[37]
BP	1559.5	670 fs	8.77	$\sim 53$	—	[38]
$M o S e_{2}$	1557.3	751 fs	3.27 GHz	22.8	6.7 pJ	[39]
$W S e_{2}$	1557.4	163.5 fs	63.133	28.5	—	[40]
${I n}_{2} {S e}_{3}$	1565/1932	276 fs/1.02 ps	40.9/15.8	83.2/112.4	2.03/7.1	[41]
$M o T e_{2}$	1559/1934.8	229 fs/1.3 ps	26.6/15.37	57/212	2.14/13.8	[42]
$R e S_{2}$	1565	3.14 ns	318.5	12	0.037	[43]
${W S}_{2}$	1561	246 fs	101.4	18	—	[44]
${W S e}_{2}$	1562	185 fs	58.8	30	—	[45]
${W S}_{2}$	1531.5/1557.5	11 ps	2.14	14.2	4.74	[46]
${S b}_{2} {T e}_{3}$	1568.8	195 fs	33.07	9	0.27	[47]
${W S}_{2}$	1568.3	1.49 ps	0.487	62.5	—	[48]
${B i}_{2} {T e}_{3}$	tunable, 1548.2–1570.1	4.5 ps	10.71	30	2.8	[49]
${B i}_{2} {T e}_{3}$	1560	tunable 2.7-12.8 ns	1.7	32.9	22.4	[50]
${W S e}_{2}$	1863.96	1.16 ps	11.36	32.5	—	[51]
${W T e}_{2}$	1915.5	1.25 ps	18.72	39.9	2.13	[52]
${M o S}_{2}$	1905	843	9.67	150	15.5	[53]
${M o T e}_{2}$	1930.22	952 fs	14.353	36.7	2.56	[54]
${B i}_{2} {T e}_{3}$	2830	6 ps	10.4	90	8.6	[55]
BP	2783	42 ps	24	613	25.5	[56]
${S n S e}_{2}$	1063	759.9 ps	333 kHz	4.5	–	[57]
${B i}_{2} {S e}_{3}$	1549.99	1.34 µs	—	23.61	224.5	[58]
${C r}_{2} {G e}_{2} {T e}_{6}$	1558.6	550 fs	7.95	24.2	3.04	[59]
CVD- ${B i}_{2} {S e}_{3}$	1557.908	7.78 ns	1.71	81.2	47.5	[60]

Abstract

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Tables (3)

Applied Optics