Microchannel-based plasmonic refractive index sensor for low refractive index detection

Emranul Haque; Md. Anwar Hossain; Yoshinori Namihira; Feroz Ahmed

doi:10.1364/AO.58.001547

Applied Optics
Vol. 58,
Issue 6,
pp. 1547-1554
(2019)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.58.001547

Microchannel-based plasmonic refractive index sensor for low refractive index detection

Emranul Haque, Md. Anwar Hossain, Yoshinori Namihira, and Feroz Ahmed

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Emranul Haque, Md. Anwar Hossain, Yoshinori Namihira, and Feroz Ahmed, "Microchannel-based plasmonic refractive index sensor for low refractive index detection," Appl. Opt. 58, 1547-1554 (2019)

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Table of Contents Category
- Surface Optics and Plasmonics
Optics & Photonics Topics
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The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: October 31, 2018
- Revised Manuscript: January 20, 2019
- Manuscript Accepted: January 20, 2019
- Published: February 20, 2019

Abstract

A microchannel incorporated photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor for detection of low refractive index (RI) at near-infrared wavelength is presented in this paper. To attain a simple and practically feasible mechanism, plasmonic material gold (Au) and sensing medium are placed outside the fiber. A thin layer of ${TiO}_{2}$ is employed as an adhesive layer to strongly attach the Au with the silica glass. In the sensing range of 1.22 to 1.37, maximum sensitivities of 51,000 nm/RIU (RI unit) and $1872 {RIU}^{- 1}$ are obtained with resolutions of $1.96 \times 10^{- 6}$ and $9.09 \times 10^{- 6}$ RIUs using wavelength and amplitude interrogation methods, respectively. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the obtained maximum wavelength sensitivity and resolution are the highest among reported PCF-based SPR sensors to date. The sensor also exhibits a maximum figure of merit of 566. Therefore, the proposed sensor would be an excellent candidate for a wide range of RI detection with higher accuracy for applications such as pharmaceutical inspection and leakage monitoring, bio-sensing, and other low RI analytes.

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RI Analyte	Loss (dB/cm)	Resonant Wavelength (nm)	Resonant Peak Shift (nm)	Sensitivity (nm/RIU)
1.22	4.11	1650	10	1000
1.23	4.32	1660	10	1000
1.24	4.56	1670	10	1000
1.25	4.87	1680	10	1000
1.26	5.3	1690	10	1000
1.27	5.69	1700	20	2000
1.28	6.3	1720	20	2000
1.29	6.93	1740	20	2000
1.30	7.66	1760	40	4000
1.31	8.49	1800	40	4000
1.32	9.74	1840	60	6000
1.33	11.37	1900	70	7000
1.34	13.83	1970	100	10000
1.35	17.96	2070	150	15000
1.36	26.44	2220	510	51000
1.37	60.03	2730	N/A	N/A

Ref	Structure	$S_{λ}$	$S_{A}$	$R$	Max Loss	RI Range
[4]	D-shaped	3877	1236	$2.58 \times 10^{- 5}$	540	1.33–1.42
[5]	D-shaped	3340	70	$5.98 \times 10^{- 6}$	160	1.36–1.38
[11]	Twin core	9000	1085	$11.1 \times 10^{- 6}$	535	1.33–1.40
[13]	Microchannel	5000	167	$20 \times 10^{- 6}$	125	1.32–1.34
[14]	Hexagonal lattice	15180	498	$5.68 \times 10^{- 6}$	110	1.40–1.43
[15]	D-shaped	31000	—	$3.31 \times 10^{- 5}$	480	1.32–1.40
[16]	D-shaped	10493	—	$9.53 \times 10^{- 6}$	210	1.27–1.32
[17]	Dual D-shaped	13500	—	$7.41 \times 10^{- 6}$	280	1.33–1.38
[19]	D-shaped	11055	—	$9.05 \times 10^{- 6}$	458	1.20–1.29
[20]	Dual microchannel	13000	333.8	$7.69 \times 10^{- 6}$	405	1.23–1.29
Proposed	Microchannel	51000	1872	$1.96 \times 10^{- 6}$	60.03	1.22–1.37

RI Analyte	Loss (dB/cm)	Resonant Wavelength (nm)	Resonant Peak Shift (nm)	Sensitivity (nm/RIU)
1.22	4.11	1650	10	1000
1.23	4.32	1660	10	1000
1.24	4.56	1670	10	1000
1.25	4.87	1680	10	1000
1.26	5.3	1690	10	1000
1.27	5.69	1700	20	2000
1.28	6.3	1720	20	2000
1.29	6.93	1740	20	2000
1.30	7.66	1760	40	4000
1.31	8.49	1800	40	4000
1.32	9.74	1840	60	6000
1.33	11.37	1900	70	7000
1.34	13.83	1970	100	10000
1.35	17.96	2070	150	15000
1.36	26.44	2220	510	51000
1.37	60.03	2730	N/A	N/A

Ref	Structure	$S_{λ}$	$S_{A}$	$R$	Max Loss	RI Range
[4]	D-shaped	3877	1236	$2.58 \times 10^{- 5}$	540	1.33–1.42
[5]	D-shaped	3340	70	$5.98 \times 10^{- 6}$	160	1.36–1.38
[11]	Twin core	9000	1085	$11.1 \times 10^{- 6}$	535	1.33–1.40
[13]	Microchannel	5000	167	$20 \times 10^{- 6}$	125	1.32–1.34
[14]	Hexagonal lattice	15180	498	$5.68 \times 10^{- 6}$	110	1.40–1.43
[15]	D-shaped	31000	—	$3.31 \times 10^{- 5}$	480	1.32–1.40
[16]	D-shaped	10493	—	$9.53 \times 10^{- 6}$	210	1.27–1.32
[17]	Dual D-shaped	13500	—	$7.41 \times 10^{- 6}$	280	1.33–1.38
[19]	D-shaped	11055	—	$9.05 \times 10^{- 6}$	458	1.20–1.29
[20]	Dual microchannel	13000	333.8	$7.69 \times 10^{- 6}$	405	1.23–1.29
Proposed	Microchannel	51000	1872	$1.96 \times 10^{- 6}$	60.03	1.22–1.37

Abstract

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Applied Optics