Abstract

Biometric authentication is the recognition of human identity via unique anatomical features. The development of novel methods parallels widespread application by consumer devices, law enforcement, and access control. In particular, methods based on finger veins, as compared to face and fingerprints, obviate privacy concerns and degradation due to wear, age, and obscuration. However, they are two-dimensional (2D) and are fundamentally limited by conventional imaging and tissue-light scattering. In this work, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we demonstrate a method of three-dimensional (3D) finger vein biometric authentication based on photoacoustic tomography. Using a compact photoacoustic tomography setup and a novel recognition algorithm, the advantages of 3D are demonstrated via biometric authentication of index finger vessels with false acceptance, false rejection, and equal error rates ${\lt} {1.23}\%$, ${\lt} {9.27}\%$, and ${\lt} {0.13}\%$, respectively, when comparing one finger, a false acceptance ${\rm{rate}}\;{\rm{improvement}} \gt {{10}} \times$ when comparing multiple fingers, and ${\lt} {0.7}\%$ when rotating fingers ${\pm}{{30}}$.

© 2020 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement

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References

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    [Crossref]
  8. Y. Wang, Z. Li, T. Vu, N. Nyayapathi, K. W. Oh, W. Xu, and J. Xia, “A robust and secure palm vessel biometric sensing system based on photoacoustics,” IEEE Sens. J. 18, 5993–6000 (2018).
    [Crossref]
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  28. R. Tartz and T. Gooding, “Hand biometrics using capacitive touchscreens,” in Adjunct Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software & Technology (2015).
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  32. S. Gummadi, J. Eisenbrey, and J. Li, “Advances in modern clinical ultrasound,” Adv. Ultrasound Diagn. Ther. 2, 51–63 (2018).
    [Crossref]
  33. T. L. Szabo and P. A. Lewin, “Ultrasound transducer selection in clinical imaging practice,” J. Ultrasound Med. 32, 573–582 (2013).
    [Crossref]

2019 (2)

N. Nyayapathi, R. Lim, H. Zhang, W. Zheng, Y. Wang, M. Tiao, K. W. Oh, X. C. Fan, E. Bonaccio, K. Takabe, and J. Xia, “Dual scan mammoscope (DSM)—a new portable photoacoustic breast imaging system with scanning in craniocaudal plane,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 67, 1321–1327 (2019).
[Crossref]

A. Fatima, K. Kratkiewicz, R. Manwar, M. Zafar, R. Zhang, B. Huang, N. Dadashzadeh, J. Xia, and K. Avanaki, “Review of cost reduction methods in photoacoustic computed tomography,” Photoacoustics 15, 100137 (2019).
[Crossref]

2018 (5)

S. Gummadi, J. Eisenbrey, and J. Li, “Advances in modern clinical ultrasound,” Adv. Ultrasound Diagn. Ther. 2, 51–63 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. Wang, “Optimizing the light delivery of linear-array-based photoacoustic systems by double acoustic reflectors,” Sci. Rep. 8, 13004 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. Zhu, G. Xu, J. Yuan, J. Jo, G. Gandikota, H. Demirci, T. Agano, N. Sato, Y. Shigeta, and X. Wang, “Light emitting diodes based photoacoustic imaging and potential clinical applications,” Sci. Rep. 8, 9885 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. Wang, Z. Li, T. Vu, N. Nyayapathi, K. W. Oh, W. Xu, and J. Xia, “A robust and secure palm vessel biometric sensing system based on photoacoustics,” IEEE Sens. J. 18, 5993–6000 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. Wang, R. S. A. Lim, H. Zhang, N. Nyayapathi, K. W. Oh, and J. Xia, “Optimizing the light delivery of linear-array-based photoacoustic systems by double acoustic reflectors,” Sci. Rep. 8, 13004 (2018).
[Crossref]

2017 (1)

D. Mistry and A. Banerjee, “Comparison of feature detection and matching approaches: SIFT and SURF,” GRD J. 2, 7–13 (2017).

2015 (1)

2014 (2)

J. Xia, J. Yao, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic tomography: principles and advances,” Electromagn. Waves 147, 1–22 (2014).
[Crossref]

D. White, A. M. Burton, R. Jenkins, and R. I. Kemp, “Redesigning photo-ID to improve unfamiliar face matching performance,” J. Exp. Psychol. Appl. 20, 166–173 (2014).
[Crossref]

2013 (2)

O. E. Aru and I. Gozie, “Facial verification technology for use in ATM transactions,” Am. J. Eng. Res. 2, 188–193 (2013).

T. L. Szabo and P. A. Lewin, “Ultrasound transducer selection in clinical imaging practice,” J. Ultrasound Med. 32, 573–582 (2013).
[Crossref]

2012 (2)

J.-C. Lee, “A novel biometric system based on palm vein image,” Pattern Recogn. Lett. 33, 1520–1528 (2012).
[Crossref]

L. V. Wang and S. Hu, “Photoacoustic tomography: in vivo imaging from organelles to organs,” Science 335, 1458–1462 (2012).
[Crossref]

2011 (1)

Y. Zhou and A. Kumar, “Human identification using palm-vein images,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Security 6, 1259–1274 (2011).
[Crossref]

2008 (1)

L. V. Wang, “Tutorial on photoacoustic microscopy and computed tomography,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 14, 171–179 (2008).
[Crossref]

2006 (1)

M. Xu and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 041101 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (1)

M. Xu and L. V. Wang, “Universal back-projection algorithm for photoacoustic computed tomography,” Phys. Rev. E 71, 016706 (2005).
[Crossref]

2004 (1)

C.-L. Lin and K.-C. Fan, “Biometric verification using thermal images of palm-dorsa vein patterns,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 14, 199–213 (2004).
[Crossref]

2002 (1)

D. Barash, “Fundamental relationship between bilateral filtering, adaptive smoothing, and the nonlinear diffusion equation,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 24, 844–847 (2002).
[Crossref]

Agano, T.

Y. Zhu, G. Xu, J. Yuan, J. Jo, G. Gandikota, H. Demirci, T. Agano, N. Sato, Y. Shigeta, and X. Wang, “Light emitting diodes based photoacoustic imaging and potential clinical applications,” Sci. Rep. 8, 9885 (2018).
[Crossref]

Ailisto, H. A.

J. Mantyjarvi, M. Lindholm, E. Vildjiounaite, S.-M. Makela, and H. A. Ailisto, “Identifying users of portable devices from gait pattern with accelerometers,” in IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) (IEEE, 2005).

Aru, O. E.

O. E. Aru and I. Gozie, “Facial verification technology for use in ATM transactions,” Am. J. Eng. Res. 2, 188–193 (2013).

Avanaki, K.

A. Fatima, K. Kratkiewicz, R. Manwar, M. Zafar, R. Zhang, B. Huang, N. Dadashzadeh, J. Xia, and K. Avanaki, “Review of cost reduction methods in photoacoustic computed tomography,” Photoacoustics 15, 100137 (2019).
[Crossref]

Banerjee, A.

D. Mistry and A. Banerjee, “Comparison of feature detection and matching approaches: SIFT and SURF,” GRD J. 2, 7–13 (2017).

Barash, D.

D. Barash, “Fundamental relationship between bilateral filtering, adaptive smoothing, and the nonlinear diffusion equation,” IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 24, 844–847 (2002).
[Crossref]

Bay, H.

H. Bay, T. Tuytelaars, and L. Van Gool, “SURF: speeded up robust features,” in European Conference on Computer Vision (Springer, 2006).

Bonaccio, E.

N. Nyayapathi, R. Lim, H. Zhang, W. Zheng, Y. Wang, M. Tiao, K. W. Oh, X. C. Fan, E. Bonaccio, K. Takabe, and J. Xia, “Dual scan mammoscope (DSM)—a new portable photoacoustic breast imaging system with scanning in craniocaudal plane,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 67, 1321–1327 (2019).
[Crossref]

Burton, A. M.

D. White, A. M. Burton, R. Jenkins, and R. I. Kemp, “Redesigning photo-ID to improve unfamiliar face matching performance,” J. Exp. Psychol. Appl. 20, 166–173 (2014).
[Crossref]

Caliano, G.

A. Iula, A. Savoia, and G. Caliano, 3D Ultrasound palm vein pattern for biometric recognition,” in IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (2012).

Dadashzadeh, N.

A. Fatima, K. Kratkiewicz, R. Manwar, M. Zafar, R. Zhang, B. Huang, N. Dadashzadeh, J. Xia, and K. Avanaki, “Review of cost reduction methods in photoacoustic computed tomography,” Photoacoustics 15, 100137 (2019).
[Crossref]

Demirci, H.

Y. Zhu, G. Xu, J. Yuan, J. Jo, G. Gandikota, H. Demirci, T. Agano, N. Sato, Y. Shigeta, and X. Wang, “Light emitting diodes based photoacoustic imaging and potential clinical applications,” Sci. Rep. 8, 9885 (2018).
[Crossref]

Eisenbrey, J.

S. Gummadi, J. Eisenbrey, and J. Li, “Advances in modern clinical ultrasound,” Adv. Ultrasound Diagn. Ther. 2, 51–63 (2018).
[Crossref]

Fan, K.-C.

C.-L. Lin and K.-C. Fan, “Biometric verification using thermal images of palm-dorsa vein patterns,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 14, 199–213 (2004).
[Crossref]

Fan, X. C.

N. Nyayapathi, R. Lim, H. Zhang, W. Zheng, Y. Wang, M. Tiao, K. W. Oh, X. C. Fan, E. Bonaccio, K. Takabe, and J. Xia, “Dual scan mammoscope (DSM)—a new portable photoacoustic breast imaging system with scanning in craniocaudal plane,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 67, 1321–1327 (2019).
[Crossref]

Fatima, A.

A. Fatima, K. Kratkiewicz, R. Manwar, M. Zafar, R. Zhang, B. Huang, N. Dadashzadeh, J. Xia, and K. Avanaki, “Review of cost reduction methods in photoacoustic computed tomography,” Photoacoustics 15, 100137 (2019).
[Crossref]

Fletcher, R. R.

R. R. Fletcher, V. Raghavan, R. Zha, M. Haverkamp, and P. L. Hibberd, “Development of mobile-based hand vein biometrics for global health patient identification,” in IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) (2014).

Frangi, A. F.

A. F. Frangi, W. J. Niessen, K. L. Vincken, and M. A. Viergever, “Multiscale vessel enhancement filtering,” in International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (Springer, 1998).

Gandikota, G.

Y. Zhu, G. Xu, J. Yuan, J. Jo, G. Gandikota, H. Demirci, T. Agano, N. Sato, Y. Shigeta, and X. Wang, “Light emitting diodes based photoacoustic imaging and potential clinical applications,” Sci. Rep. 8, 9885 (2018).
[Crossref]

Gooding, T.

R. Tartz and T. Gooding, “Hand biometrics using capacitive touchscreens,” in Adjunct Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software & Technology (2015).

Gozie, I.

O. E. Aru and I. Gozie, “Facial verification technology for use in ATM transactions,” Am. J. Eng. Res. 2, 188–193 (2013).

Gummadi, S.

S. Gummadi, J. Eisenbrey, and J. Li, “Advances in modern clinical ultrasound,” Adv. Ultrasound Diagn. Ther. 2, 51–63 (2018).
[Crossref]

Haverkamp, M.

R. R. Fletcher, V. Raghavan, R. Zha, M. Haverkamp, and P. L. Hibberd, “Development of mobile-based hand vein biometrics for global health patient identification,” in IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) (2014).

Hibberd, P. L.

R. R. Fletcher, V. Raghavan, R. Zha, M. Haverkamp, and P. L. Hibberd, “Development of mobile-based hand vein biometrics for global health patient identification,” in IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) (2014).

Hu, S.

L. V. Wang and S. Hu, “Photoacoustic tomography: in vivo imaging from organelles to organs,” Science 335, 1458–1462 (2012).
[Crossref]

Huang, B.

A. Fatima, K. Kratkiewicz, R. Manwar, M. Zafar, R. Zhang, B. Huang, N. Dadashzadeh, J. Xia, and K. Avanaki, “Review of cost reduction methods in photoacoustic computed tomography,” Photoacoustics 15, 100137 (2019).
[Crossref]

Iula, A.

A. Iula, A. Savoia, and G. Caliano, 3D Ultrasound palm vein pattern for biometric recognition,” in IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (2012).

Jenkins, R.

D. White, A. M. Burton, R. Jenkins, and R. I. Kemp, “Redesigning photo-ID to improve unfamiliar face matching performance,” J. Exp. Psychol. Appl. 20, 166–173 (2014).
[Crossref]

Jo, J.

Y. Zhu, G. Xu, J. Yuan, J. Jo, G. Gandikota, H. Demirci, T. Agano, N. Sato, Y. Shigeta, and X. Wang, “Light emitting diodes based photoacoustic imaging and potential clinical applications,” Sci. Rep. 8, 9885 (2018).
[Crossref]

Kemp, R. I.

D. White, A. M. Burton, R. Jenkins, and R. I. Kemp, “Redesigning photo-ID to improve unfamiliar face matching performance,” J. Exp. Psychol. Appl. 20, 166–173 (2014).
[Crossref]

Khisa, A. S.

K.-Q. Wang, A. S. Khisa, X.-Q. Wu, and Q.-S. Zhao, Finger vein recognition using LBP variance with global matching,” in International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition (IEEE, 2012).

Kratkiewicz, K.

A. Fatima, K. Kratkiewicz, R. Manwar, M. Zafar, R. Zhang, B. Huang, N. Dadashzadeh, J. Xia, and K. Avanaki, “Review of cost reduction methods in photoacoustic computed tomography,” Photoacoustics 15, 100137 (2019).
[Crossref]

Kumar, A.

Y. Zhou and A. Kumar, “Human identification using palm-vein images,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Security 6, 1259–1274 (2011).
[Crossref]

Lee, J.-C.

J.-C. Lee, “A novel biometric system based on palm vein image,” Pattern Recogn. Lett. 33, 1520–1528 (2012).
[Crossref]

Lewin, P. A.

T. L. Szabo and P. A. Lewin, “Ultrasound transducer selection in clinical imaging practice,” J. Ultrasound Med. 32, 573–582 (2013).
[Crossref]

Li, J.

S. Gummadi, J. Eisenbrey, and J. Li, “Advances in modern clinical ultrasound,” Adv. Ultrasound Diagn. Ther. 2, 51–63 (2018).
[Crossref]

Li, S. Z.

S. Marcel, M. S. Nixon, and S. Z. Li, Handbook of Biometric Anti-spoofing (Springer, 2014), Vol. 1.

Li, Z.

Y. Wang, Z. Li, T. Vu, N. Nyayapathi, K. W. Oh, W. Xu, and J. Xia, “A robust and secure palm vessel biometric sensing system based on photoacoustics,” IEEE Sens. J. 18, 5993–6000 (2018).
[Crossref]

Z. Li, Y. Wang, A. S. Rathore, C. Song, N. Nyayapathi, T. Vu, J. Xia, and W. Xu, “PAvessel: practical 3D vessel structure sensing through photoacoustic effects with its applications in palm biometrics,” in ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technologies (2018), Vol. 2, pp. 1–24.

Lim, R.

N. Nyayapathi, R. Lim, H. Zhang, W. Zheng, Y. Wang, M. Tiao, K. W. Oh, X. C. Fan, E. Bonaccio, K. Takabe, and J. Xia, “Dual scan mammoscope (DSM)—a new portable photoacoustic breast imaging system with scanning in craniocaudal plane,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 67, 1321–1327 (2019).
[Crossref]

Lim, R. S. A.

Y. Wang, R. S. A. Lim, H. Zhang, N. Nyayapathi, K. W. Oh, and J. Xia, “Optimizing the light delivery of linear-array-based photoacoustic systems by double acoustic reflectors,” Sci. Rep. 8, 13004 (2018).
[Crossref]

Lin, C.-L.

C.-L. Lin and K.-C. Fan, “Biometric verification using thermal images of palm-dorsa vein patterns,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 14, 199–213 (2004).
[Crossref]

Lindholm, M.

J. Mantyjarvi, M. Lindholm, E. Vildjiounaite, S.-M. Makela, and H. A. Ailisto, “Identifying users of portable devices from gait pattern with accelerometers,” in IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) (IEEE, 2005).

Makela, S.-M.

J. Mantyjarvi, M. Lindholm, E. Vildjiounaite, S.-M. Makela, and H. A. Ailisto, “Identifying users of portable devices from gait pattern with accelerometers,” in IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) (IEEE, 2005).

Mantyjarvi, J.

J. Mantyjarvi, M. Lindholm, E. Vildjiounaite, S.-M. Makela, and H. A. Ailisto, “Identifying users of portable devices from gait pattern with accelerometers,” in IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) (IEEE, 2005).

Manwar, R.

A. Fatima, K. Kratkiewicz, R. Manwar, M. Zafar, R. Zhang, B. Huang, N. Dadashzadeh, J. Xia, and K. Avanaki, “Review of cost reduction methods in photoacoustic computed tomography,” Photoacoustics 15, 100137 (2019).
[Crossref]

Marcel, S.

S. Marcel, M. S. Nixon, and S. Z. Li, Handbook of Biometric Anti-spoofing (Springer, 2014), Vol. 1.

Mistry, D.

D. Mistry and A. Banerjee, “Comparison of feature detection and matching approaches: SIFT and SURF,” GRD J. 2, 7–13 (2017).

Niessen, W. J.

A. F. Frangi, W. J. Niessen, K. L. Vincken, and M. A. Viergever, “Multiscale vessel enhancement filtering,” in International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (Springer, 1998).

Nixon, M. S.

S. Marcel, M. S. Nixon, and S. Z. Li, Handbook of Biometric Anti-spoofing (Springer, 2014), Vol. 1.

Nyayapathi, N.

N. Nyayapathi, R. Lim, H. Zhang, W. Zheng, Y. Wang, M. Tiao, K. W. Oh, X. C. Fan, E. Bonaccio, K. Takabe, and J. Xia, “Dual scan mammoscope (DSM)—a new portable photoacoustic breast imaging system with scanning in craniocaudal plane,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 67, 1321–1327 (2019).
[Crossref]

Y. Wang, R. S. A. Lim, H. Zhang, N. Nyayapathi, K. W. Oh, and J. Xia, “Optimizing the light delivery of linear-array-based photoacoustic systems by double acoustic reflectors,” Sci. Rep. 8, 13004 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. Wang, Z. Li, T. Vu, N. Nyayapathi, K. W. Oh, W. Xu, and J. Xia, “A robust and secure palm vessel biometric sensing system based on photoacoustics,” IEEE Sens. J. 18, 5993–6000 (2018).
[Crossref]

Z. Li, Y. Wang, A. S. Rathore, C. Song, N. Nyayapathi, T. Vu, J. Xia, and W. Xu, “PAvessel: practical 3D vessel structure sensing through photoacoustic effects with its applications in palm biometrics,” in ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technologies (2018), Vol. 2, pp. 1–24.

Oh, K. W.

N. Nyayapathi, R. Lim, H. Zhang, W. Zheng, Y. Wang, M. Tiao, K. W. Oh, X. C. Fan, E. Bonaccio, K. Takabe, and J. Xia, “Dual scan mammoscope (DSM)—a new portable photoacoustic breast imaging system with scanning in craniocaudal plane,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 67, 1321–1327 (2019).
[Crossref]

Y. Wang, Z. Li, T. Vu, N. Nyayapathi, K. W. Oh, W. Xu, and J. Xia, “A robust and secure palm vessel biometric sensing system based on photoacoustics,” IEEE Sens. J. 18, 5993–6000 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. Wang, R. S. A. Lim, H. Zhang, N. Nyayapathi, K. W. Oh, and J. Xia, “Optimizing the light delivery of linear-array-based photoacoustic systems by double acoustic reflectors,” Sci. Rep. 8, 13004 (2018).
[Crossref]

Pramanik, M.

Raghavan, V.

R. R. Fletcher, V. Raghavan, R. Zha, M. Haverkamp, and P. L. Hibberd, “Development of mobile-based hand vein biometrics for global health patient identification,” in IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) (2014).

Rathore, A. S.

Z. Li, Y. Wang, A. S. Rathore, C. Song, N. Nyayapathi, T. Vu, J. Xia, and W. Xu, “PAvessel: practical 3D vessel structure sensing through photoacoustic effects with its applications in palm biometrics,” in ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technologies (2018), Vol. 2, pp. 1–24.

Sabir, M.

M. Sabir, “Sensitivity and specificity analysis of fingerprints based algorithm,” in International Conference on Applied and Engineering Mathematics (ICAEM) (IEEE, 2018).

Sato, N.

Y. Zhu, G. Xu, J. Yuan, J. Jo, G. Gandikota, H. Demirci, T. Agano, N. Sato, Y. Shigeta, and X. Wang, “Light emitting diodes based photoacoustic imaging and potential clinical applications,” Sci. Rep. 8, 9885 (2018).
[Crossref]

Savoia, A.

A. Iula, A. Savoia, and G. Caliano, 3D Ultrasound palm vein pattern for biometric recognition,” in IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (2012).

Shigeta, Y.

Y. Zhu, G. Xu, J. Yuan, J. Jo, G. Gandikota, H. Demirci, T. Agano, N. Sato, Y. Shigeta, and X. Wang, “Light emitting diodes based photoacoustic imaging and potential clinical applications,” Sci. Rep. 8, 9885 (2018).
[Crossref]

Song, C.

Z. Li, Y. Wang, A. S. Rathore, C. Song, N. Nyayapathi, T. Vu, J. Xia, and W. Xu, “PAvessel: practical 3D vessel structure sensing through photoacoustic effects with its applications in palm biometrics,” in ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technologies (2018), Vol. 2, pp. 1–24.

Szabo, T. L.

T. L. Szabo and P. A. Lewin, “Ultrasound transducer selection in clinical imaging practice,” J. Ultrasound Med. 32, 573–582 (2013).
[Crossref]

Takabe, K.

N. Nyayapathi, R. Lim, H. Zhang, W. Zheng, Y. Wang, M. Tiao, K. W. Oh, X. C. Fan, E. Bonaccio, K. Takabe, and J. Xia, “Dual scan mammoscope (DSM)—a new portable photoacoustic breast imaging system with scanning in craniocaudal plane,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 67, 1321–1327 (2019).
[Crossref]

Tartz, R.

R. Tartz and T. Gooding, “Hand biometrics using capacitive touchscreens,” in Adjunct Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software & Technology (2015).

Tiao, M.

N. Nyayapathi, R. Lim, H. Zhang, W. Zheng, Y. Wang, M. Tiao, K. W. Oh, X. C. Fan, E. Bonaccio, K. Takabe, and J. Xia, “Dual scan mammoscope (DSM)—a new portable photoacoustic breast imaging system with scanning in craniocaudal plane,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 67, 1321–1327 (2019).
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Tuytelaars, T.

H. Bay, T. Tuytelaars, and L. Van Gool, “SURF: speeded up robust features,” in European Conference on Computer Vision (Springer, 2006).

Upputuri, P. K.

Van Gool, L.

H. Bay, T. Tuytelaars, and L. Van Gool, “SURF: speeded up robust features,” in European Conference on Computer Vision (Springer, 2006).

Viergever, M. A.

A. F. Frangi, W. J. Niessen, K. L. Vincken, and M. A. Viergever, “Multiscale vessel enhancement filtering,” in International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (Springer, 1998).

Vildjiounaite, E.

J. Mantyjarvi, M. Lindholm, E. Vildjiounaite, S.-M. Makela, and H. A. Ailisto, “Identifying users of portable devices from gait pattern with accelerometers,” in IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) (IEEE, 2005).

Vincken, K. L.

A. F. Frangi, W. J. Niessen, K. L. Vincken, and M. A. Viergever, “Multiscale vessel enhancement filtering,” in International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (Springer, 1998).

Vu, T.

Y. Wang, Z. Li, T. Vu, N. Nyayapathi, K. W. Oh, W. Xu, and J. Xia, “A robust and secure palm vessel biometric sensing system based on photoacoustics,” IEEE Sens. J. 18, 5993–6000 (2018).
[Crossref]

Z. Li, Y. Wang, A. S. Rathore, C. Song, N. Nyayapathi, T. Vu, J. Xia, and W. Xu, “PAvessel: practical 3D vessel structure sensing through photoacoustic effects with its applications in palm biometrics,” in ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technologies (2018), Vol. 2, pp. 1–24.

Wang, K.-Q.

K.-Q. Wang, A. S. Khisa, X.-Q. Wu, and Q.-S. Zhao, Finger vein recognition using LBP variance with global matching,” in International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition (IEEE, 2012).

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J. Xia, J. Yao, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic tomography: principles and advances,” Electromagn. Waves 147, 1–22 (2014).
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L. V. Wang and S. Hu, “Photoacoustic tomography: in vivo imaging from organelles to organs,” Science 335, 1458–1462 (2012).
[Crossref]

L. V. Wang, “Tutorial on photoacoustic microscopy and computed tomography,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 14, 171–179 (2008).
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M. Xu and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 041101 (2006).
[Crossref]

M. Xu and L. V. Wang, “Universal back-projection algorithm for photoacoustic computed tomography,” Phys. Rev. E 71, 016706 (2005).
[Crossref]

Wang, X.

Y. Zhu, G. Xu, J. Yuan, J. Jo, G. Gandikota, H. Demirci, T. Agano, N. Sato, Y. Shigeta, and X. Wang, “Light emitting diodes based photoacoustic imaging and potential clinical applications,” Sci. Rep. 8, 9885 (2018).
[Crossref]

Wang, Y.

N. Nyayapathi, R. Lim, H. Zhang, W. Zheng, Y. Wang, M. Tiao, K. W. Oh, X. C. Fan, E. Bonaccio, K. Takabe, and J. Xia, “Dual scan mammoscope (DSM)—a new portable photoacoustic breast imaging system with scanning in craniocaudal plane,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 67, 1321–1327 (2019).
[Crossref]

Y. Wang, “Optimizing the light delivery of linear-array-based photoacoustic systems by double acoustic reflectors,” Sci. Rep. 8, 13004 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. Wang, Z. Li, T. Vu, N. Nyayapathi, K. W. Oh, W. Xu, and J. Xia, “A robust and secure palm vessel biometric sensing system based on photoacoustics,” IEEE Sens. J. 18, 5993–6000 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. Wang, R. S. A. Lim, H. Zhang, N. Nyayapathi, K. W. Oh, and J. Xia, “Optimizing the light delivery of linear-array-based photoacoustic systems by double acoustic reflectors,” Sci. Rep. 8, 13004 (2018).
[Crossref]

Z. Li, Y. Wang, A. S. Rathore, C. Song, N. Nyayapathi, T. Vu, J. Xia, and W. Xu, “PAvessel: practical 3D vessel structure sensing through photoacoustic effects with its applications in palm biometrics,” in ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technologies (2018), Vol. 2, pp. 1–24.

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K.-Q. Wang, A. S. Khisa, X.-Q. Wu, and Q.-S. Zhao, Finger vein recognition using LBP variance with global matching,” in International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition (IEEE, 2012).

Xia, J.

A. Fatima, K. Kratkiewicz, R. Manwar, M. Zafar, R. Zhang, B. Huang, N. Dadashzadeh, J. Xia, and K. Avanaki, “Review of cost reduction methods in photoacoustic computed tomography,” Photoacoustics 15, 100137 (2019).
[Crossref]

N. Nyayapathi, R. Lim, H. Zhang, W. Zheng, Y. Wang, M. Tiao, K. W. Oh, X. C. Fan, E. Bonaccio, K. Takabe, and J. Xia, “Dual scan mammoscope (DSM)—a new portable photoacoustic breast imaging system with scanning in craniocaudal plane,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 67, 1321–1327 (2019).
[Crossref]

Y. Wang, R. S. A. Lim, H. Zhang, N. Nyayapathi, K. W. Oh, and J. Xia, “Optimizing the light delivery of linear-array-based photoacoustic systems by double acoustic reflectors,” Sci. Rep. 8, 13004 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. Wang, Z. Li, T. Vu, N. Nyayapathi, K. W. Oh, W. Xu, and J. Xia, “A robust and secure palm vessel biometric sensing system based on photoacoustics,” IEEE Sens. J. 18, 5993–6000 (2018).
[Crossref]

J. Xia, J. Yao, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic tomography: principles and advances,” Electromagn. Waves 147, 1–22 (2014).
[Crossref]

Z. Li, Y. Wang, A. S. Rathore, C. Song, N. Nyayapathi, T. Vu, J. Xia, and W. Xu, “PAvessel: practical 3D vessel structure sensing through photoacoustic effects with its applications in palm biometrics,” in ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technologies (2018), Vol. 2, pp. 1–24.

Xu, G.

Y. Zhu, G. Xu, J. Yuan, J. Jo, G. Gandikota, H. Demirci, T. Agano, N. Sato, Y. Shigeta, and X. Wang, “Light emitting diodes based photoacoustic imaging and potential clinical applications,” Sci. Rep. 8, 9885 (2018).
[Crossref]

Xu, M.

M. Xu and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 041101 (2006).
[Crossref]

M. Xu and L. V. Wang, “Universal back-projection algorithm for photoacoustic computed tomography,” Phys. Rev. E 71, 016706 (2005).
[Crossref]

Xu, W.

Y. Wang, Z. Li, T. Vu, N. Nyayapathi, K. W. Oh, W. Xu, and J. Xia, “A robust and secure palm vessel biometric sensing system based on photoacoustics,” IEEE Sens. J. 18, 5993–6000 (2018).
[Crossref]

Z. Li, Y. Wang, A. S. Rathore, C. Song, N. Nyayapathi, T. Vu, J. Xia, and W. Xu, “PAvessel: practical 3D vessel structure sensing through photoacoustic effects with its applications in palm biometrics,” in ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technologies (2018), Vol. 2, pp. 1–24.

Yao, J.

J. Xia, J. Yao, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic tomography: principles and advances,” Electromagn. Waves 147, 1–22 (2014).
[Crossref]

Yuan, J.

Y. Zhu, G. Xu, J. Yuan, J. Jo, G. Gandikota, H. Demirci, T. Agano, N. Sato, Y. Shigeta, and X. Wang, “Light emitting diodes based photoacoustic imaging and potential clinical applications,” Sci. Rep. 8, 9885 (2018).
[Crossref]

Zafar, M.

A. Fatima, K. Kratkiewicz, R. Manwar, M. Zafar, R. Zhang, B. Huang, N. Dadashzadeh, J. Xia, and K. Avanaki, “Review of cost reduction methods in photoacoustic computed tomography,” Photoacoustics 15, 100137 (2019).
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R. R. Fletcher, V. Raghavan, R. Zha, M. Haverkamp, and P. L. Hibberd, “Development of mobile-based hand vein biometrics for global health patient identification,” in IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) (2014).

Zhang, H.

N. Nyayapathi, R. Lim, H. Zhang, W. Zheng, Y. Wang, M. Tiao, K. W. Oh, X. C. Fan, E. Bonaccio, K. Takabe, and J. Xia, “Dual scan mammoscope (DSM)—a new portable photoacoustic breast imaging system with scanning in craniocaudal plane,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 67, 1321–1327 (2019).
[Crossref]

Y. Wang, R. S. A. Lim, H. Zhang, N. Nyayapathi, K. W. Oh, and J. Xia, “Optimizing the light delivery of linear-array-based photoacoustic systems by double acoustic reflectors,” Sci. Rep. 8, 13004 (2018).
[Crossref]

Zhang, R.

A. Fatima, K. Kratkiewicz, R. Manwar, M. Zafar, R. Zhang, B. Huang, N. Dadashzadeh, J. Xia, and K. Avanaki, “Review of cost reduction methods in photoacoustic computed tomography,” Photoacoustics 15, 100137 (2019).
[Crossref]

Zhao, Q.-S.

K.-Q. Wang, A. S. Khisa, X.-Q. Wu, and Q.-S. Zhao, Finger vein recognition using LBP variance with global matching,” in International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition (IEEE, 2012).

Zheng, W.

N. Nyayapathi, R. Lim, H. Zhang, W. Zheng, Y. Wang, M. Tiao, K. W. Oh, X. C. Fan, E. Bonaccio, K. Takabe, and J. Xia, “Dual scan mammoscope (DSM)—a new portable photoacoustic breast imaging system with scanning in craniocaudal plane,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 67, 1321–1327 (2019).
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Y. Zhou and A. Kumar, “Human identification using palm-vein images,” IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Security 6, 1259–1274 (2011).
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Y. Zhu, G. Xu, J. Yuan, J. Jo, G. Gandikota, H. Demirci, T. Agano, N. Sato, Y. Shigeta, and X. Wang, “Light emitting diodes based photoacoustic imaging and potential clinical applications,” Sci. Rep. 8, 9885 (2018).
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Biomed. Opt. Express (1)

Electromagn. Waves (1)

J. Xia, J. Yao, and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic tomography: principles and advances,” Electromagn. Waves 147, 1–22 (2014).
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GRD J. (1)

D. Mistry and A. Banerjee, “Comparison of feature detection and matching approaches: SIFT and SURF,” GRD J. 2, 7–13 (2017).

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. (1)

L. V. Wang, “Tutorial on photoacoustic microscopy and computed tomography,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 14, 171–179 (2008).
[Crossref]

IEEE Sens. J. (1)

Y. Wang, Z. Li, T. Vu, N. Nyayapathi, K. W. Oh, W. Xu, and J. Xia, “A robust and secure palm vessel biometric sensing system based on photoacoustics,” IEEE Sens. J. 18, 5993–6000 (2018).
[Crossref]

IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. (1)

N. Nyayapathi, R. Lim, H. Zhang, W. Zheng, Y. Wang, M. Tiao, K. W. Oh, X. C. Fan, E. Bonaccio, K. Takabe, and J. Xia, “Dual scan mammoscope (DSM)—a new portable photoacoustic breast imaging system with scanning in craniocaudal plane,” IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 67, 1321–1327 (2019).
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IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. (1)

C.-L. Lin and K.-C. Fan, “Biometric verification using thermal images of palm-dorsa vein patterns,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 14, 199–213 (2004).
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D. White, A. M. Burton, R. Jenkins, and R. I. Kemp, “Redesigning photo-ID to improve unfamiliar face matching performance,” J. Exp. Psychol. Appl. 20, 166–173 (2014).
[Crossref]

J. Ultrasound Med. (1)

T. L. Szabo and P. A. Lewin, “Ultrasound transducer selection in clinical imaging practice,” J. Ultrasound Med. 32, 573–582 (2013).
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Pattern Recogn. Lett. (1)

J.-C. Lee, “A novel biometric system based on palm vein image,” Pattern Recogn. Lett. 33, 1520–1528 (2012).
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Photoacoustics (1)

A. Fatima, K. Kratkiewicz, R. Manwar, M. Zafar, R. Zhang, B. Huang, N. Dadashzadeh, J. Xia, and K. Avanaki, “Review of cost reduction methods in photoacoustic computed tomography,” Photoacoustics 15, 100137 (2019).
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Phys. Rev. E (1)

M. Xu and L. V. Wang, “Universal back-projection algorithm for photoacoustic computed tomography,” Phys. Rev. E 71, 016706 (2005).
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Rev. Sci. Instrum. (1)

M. Xu and L. V. Wang, “Photoacoustic imaging in biomedicine,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77, 041101 (2006).
[Crossref]

Sci. Rep. (3)

Y. Wang, “Optimizing the light delivery of linear-array-based photoacoustic systems by double acoustic reflectors,” Sci. Rep. 8, 13004 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. Wang, R. S. A. Lim, H. Zhang, N. Nyayapathi, K. W. Oh, and J. Xia, “Optimizing the light delivery of linear-array-based photoacoustic systems by double acoustic reflectors,” Sci. Rep. 8, 13004 (2018).
[Crossref]

Y. Zhu, G. Xu, J. Yuan, J. Jo, G. Gandikota, H. Demirci, T. Agano, N. Sato, Y. Shigeta, and X. Wang, “Light emitting diodes based photoacoustic imaging and potential clinical applications,” Sci. Rep. 8, 9885 (2018).
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Science (1)

L. V. Wang and S. Hu, “Photoacoustic tomography: in vivo imaging from organelles to organs,” Science 335, 1458–1462 (2012).
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R. R. Fletcher, V. Raghavan, R. Zha, M. Haverkamp, and P. L. Hibberd, “Development of mobile-based hand vein biometrics for global health patient identification,” in IEEE Global Humanitarian Technology Conference (GHTC) (2014).

A. Iula, A. Savoia, and G. Caliano, 3D Ultrasound palm vein pattern for biometric recognition,” in IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (2012).

American National Standards Institute, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (2007).

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A. F. Frangi, W. J. Niessen, K. L. Vincken, and M. A. Viergever, “Multiscale vessel enhancement filtering,” in International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention (Springer, 1998).

H. Bay, T. Tuytelaars, and L. Van Gool, “SURF: speeded up robust features,” in European Conference on Computer Vision (Springer, 2006).

M. Sabir, “Sensitivity and specificity analysis of fingerprints based algorithm,” in International Conference on Applied and Engineering Mathematics (ICAEM) (IEEE, 2018).

Z. Li, Y. Wang, A. S. Rathore, C. Song, N. Nyayapathi, T. Vu, J. Xia, and W. Xu, “PAvessel: practical 3D vessel structure sensing through photoacoustic effects with its applications in palm biometrics,” in ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technologies (2018), Vol. 2, pp. 1–24.

K.-Q. Wang, A. S. Khisa, X.-Q. Wu, and Q.-S. Zhao, Finger vein recognition using LBP variance with global matching,” in International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition (IEEE, 2012).

J. Mantyjarvi, M. Lindholm, E. Vildjiounaite, S.-M. Makela, and H. A. Ailisto, “Identifying users of portable devices from gait pattern with accelerometers,” in IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP) (IEEE, 2005).

R. Tartz and T. Gooding, “Hand biometrics using capacitive touchscreens,” in Adjunct Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software & Technology (2015).

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Figures (8)
Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Flow diagram of the 3D Finger sensing system.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of the PA sensing hardware.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Flow diagram of the 3D Finger image processing steps.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. 3D-Finger images after each processing step. (a) Original (reconstructed) image without enhancement. (b) Gaussian and bilateral filter processed image of (a). (c) Binarization of image of (b). (d) Skeleton extracted image of (c). (e) Final enhanced image. (f) Biometric features (marked with green circles) extracted by SURF.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. CrossCorr scores among vessel patterns from 36 subjects using their (a) left index fingers and (b) right index fingers. The results demonstrate high uniqueness of 3D finger vessels acquired using our 3D Finger system.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. False acceptance rate using different numbers of fingers (1–4). (a) Left hand. (b) Right hand.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. FAR among 36 subjects with vascular images at 0 deg, rotated at 30 deg and ${-}{{30}}\;{\deg}$ . (a) Left index finger. (b) Right index finger.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Unenhanced reconstructed PA image of (a) Subject 15 and (b) Subject 1.

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Tables (3)

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Table 1. Vascular Matching Algorithm

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Table 2. Overall System Performance (All 36 Subjects)

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Table 3. Overall System Performance (35 Subjects; Subject 15 excluded)

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Equations (5)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

p 0 ( r ) = Γ μ a F ( r ) ,
I → ( t + 1 ) ( x → ) = ∑ i = − S + S ⁡ ∑ j = − S + S ⁡ I → ( t ) ( x 1 + i , x 2 + j ) w ( t ) ∑ i = − S + S ⁡ ∑ j = − S + S ⁡ w ( t )
w ( t ) ( x → , ξ → ) = exp ( − ( ξ → − x → ) 2 2 σ D 2 ) exp ( − ( I ( ξ → ) − I ( x → ) ) 2 2 σ R 2 ) .
L ( x , σ ) = Δ σ 2 ∂ 2 G ( x , σ ) ∂ u ∂ v ∗ L ( x ) ,
L R ( σ ) = { 0 exp ⁡ ( | λ 1 λ 2 | 2 − 2 β 2 ) ( 1 − E X P | λ 1 | 2 + | λ 2 | 2 − 2 c 2 ) ,

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