Open-channel-based dual-core D-shaped photonic crystal fiber plasmonic biosensor

Maliha Momtaj; Jannatul Robaiat Mou; Q. M. Kamrunnahar; Md. A. Islam

doi:10.1364/AO.400765

Applied Optics
Vol. 59,
Issue 28,
pp. 8856-8865
(2020)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.400765

Open-channel-based dual-core D-shaped photonic crystal fiber plasmonic biosensor

Maliha Momtaj, Jannatul Robaiat Mou, Q. M. Kamrunnahar, and Md. A. Islam

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Maliha Momtaj, Jannatul Robaiat Mou, Q. M. Kamrunnahar, and Md. A. Islam, "Open-channel-based dual-core D-shaped photonic crystal fiber plasmonic biosensor," Appl. Opt. 59, 8856-8865 (2020)

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Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics, Fiber Sensors, and Optical Communications
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About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: July 1, 2020
- Revised Manuscript: August 26, 2020
- Manuscript Accepted: September 7, 2020
- Published: September 29, 2020

Abstract

A simple dual-core D-shaped plasmonic refractive index (RI) sensor with an open-arch channel is introduced in this paper. A thin plasmonic gold layer is inserted on the slotted portion, which makes the sensor cost effective. By introducing a ring in the flat surface of the D-shaped structure, the coupling effect is increased, which enhances sensor performance. The commonly used finite element method is applied to characterize sensor performance. Numerical investigation under the wavelength interrogation method shows maximum spectral sensitivities of 16,000 nm/RIU and 17,000 nm/RIU along with corresponding resolutions of $6.25 \times {{10}^{- 6}} \;{\rm RIU}$ and $5.88 \times {{10}^{- 6}}\; {\rm RIU}$ for $x$ and $y$ polarizations, respectively. In tandem with this, maximum amplitude sensitivities governed by the amplitude interrogation method are calculated at about $2,603.7000\;{{\rm RIU}^{- 1}}$ and $3,432.1929\;{{\rm RIU}^{- 1}}$ for $x$ and $y$ polarizations, respectively. The proposed sensor exhibits high figures of merit of $320\;{{\rm RIU}^{- 1}}$ and $283.33\;{{\rm RIU}^{- 1}}$ for $x$ and $y$ polarizations, respectively, in the RI detection range of 1.33 to 1.44. Moreover, the impact on sensitivity with the overall sensor behavior is analyzed by altering geometrical parameters such as pitch, air hole diameter, and gold layer thickness. So, with an eye toward sensor performance and economic viability, this sensor is assignable to bio-sensing applications.

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$n_{a}$	Pol. Mode	CL (dB/cm)	RW (nm)	$Δ λ$ (nm)	WS (nm/RIU)	AS ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	WR(RIU)
1.33	$x$ -pol	0.6662	570	10	1,000	41.6539	$1 \times 10^{- 4}$
1.33	$y$ -pol	0.3514	550	10	1,000	31.7348	$1 \times 10^{- 4}$
1.34	$x$ -pol	0.8072	580	10	1,000	50.7539	$1 \times 10^{- 4}$
1.34	$y$ -pol	0.4250	560	10	1,000	37.9513	$1 \times 10^{- 4}$
1.35	$x$ -pol	1.0028	590	10	1,000	63.4321	$1 \times 10^{- 4}$
1.35	$y$ -pol	0.5225	570	10	1,000	45.8216	$1 \times 10^{- 4}$
1.36	$x$ -pol	1.2685	600	20	2,000	80.5205	$5 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.36	$y$ -pol	0.6569	580	10	1,000	56.3345	$1 \times 10^{- 4}$
1.37	$x$ -pol	1.6229	620	10	1,000	104.1109	$1 \times 10^{- 4}$
1.37	$y$ -pol	0.8467	590	10	1,000	70.9659	$1 \times 10^{- 4}$
1.38	$x$ -pol	2.1191	630	30	3,000	136.3991	$3.33 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.38	$y$ -pol	1.1049	600	20	2,000	90.5645	$5 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.39	$x$ -pol	2.9021	660	20	2,000	181.5454	$5 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.39	$y$ -pol	1.5617	620	20	2,000	118.1846	$5 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.40	$x$ -pol	4.0516	680	40	4,000	254.1275	$2.5 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.40	$y$ -pol	2.2025	640	20	2,000	163.5881	$5 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.41	$x$ -pol	5.7685	720	30	3000	415.2839	$1.43 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.41	$y$ -pol	3.3722	660	20	2000	232.8476	$2 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.42	$x$ -pol l	7.6333	750	70	7000	553.7224	$1.43 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.42	$y$ -po	5.3102	680	50	5000	339.4506	$2 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.43	$x$ -pol	16.4667	820	160	16,000	2,603.7000	$6.25 \times 10^{- 6}$
1.43	$y$ -pol	9.9717	730	170	17,000	3,432.1929	$5.88 \times 10^{- 6}$
1.44	$x$ -pol	113.941	980	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
1.44	$y$ -pol	203.859	900	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

Ref.	Analyte RI	Pol. Mode	WS (nm/RIU)	AS ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	WR (RIU)
[8]	1.33–1.37	$y$ -pol.	3,700	216	$2.00 \times 10^{- 5}$
[10]	1.32–1.40	$y$ -pol.	33,500	—	$2.98 \times 10^{- 5}$
[11]	1.30–1.42	$x$ -pol.	14,600	1475	$6.84 \times 10^{- 6}$
[15]	1.20–1.29	N/A	11,055	—	$9.05 \times 10^{- 6}$
[17]	1.33–1.40	$y$ -pol.	14,933.34	—	$6.69 \times 10^{- 6}$
[18]	1.33–1.38	$x$ -pol.	10,493	—	$9.53 \times 10^{- 6}$
[19]	1.36–1.38	$y$ -pol.	3,340	69.3	$6.12 \times 10^{- 6}$
[20]	1.2–1.4	$y$ -pol.	3,751.5	—	$1.00 \times 10^{- 6}$
[21]	1.18–1.36	$x$ -pol.	20,000	1054	$5.00 \times 10^{- 6}$
[27]	1.33–1.35	$y$ -pol.	17,000	74	$5.8 \times 10^{- 6}$
[28]	1.22–1.33	$x$ -pol.	15,000	442.47	$6.67 \times 10^{- 6}$
Our work	1.33–1.44	$x$ -pol.	16,000	2,603.7000	$6.25 \times 10^{- 6}$
		$y$ -pol.	17,000	3,432.1929	$5.88 \times 10^{- 6}$

$n_{a}$	Pol. Mode	CL (dB/cm)	RW (nm)	$Δ λ$ (nm)	WS (nm/RIU)	AS ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	WR(RIU)
1.33	$x$ -pol	0.6662	570	10	1,000	41.6539	$1 \times 10^{- 4}$
1.33	$y$ -pol	0.3514	550	10	1,000	31.7348	$1 \times 10^{- 4}$
1.34	$x$ -pol	0.8072	580	10	1,000	50.7539	$1 \times 10^{- 4}$
1.34	$y$ -pol	0.4250	560	10	1,000	37.9513	$1 \times 10^{- 4}$
1.35	$x$ -pol	1.0028	590	10	1,000	63.4321	$1 \times 10^{- 4}$
1.35	$y$ -pol	0.5225	570	10	1,000	45.8216	$1 \times 10^{- 4}$
1.36	$x$ -pol	1.2685	600	20	2,000	80.5205	$5 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.36	$y$ -pol	0.6569	580	10	1,000	56.3345	$1 \times 10^{- 4}$
1.37	$x$ -pol	1.6229	620	10	1,000	104.1109	$1 \times 10^{- 4}$
1.37	$y$ -pol	0.8467	590	10	1,000	70.9659	$1 \times 10^{- 4}$
1.38	$x$ -pol	2.1191	630	30	3,000	136.3991	$3.33 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.38	$y$ -pol	1.1049	600	20	2,000	90.5645	$5 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.39	$x$ -pol	2.9021	660	20	2,000	181.5454	$5 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.39	$y$ -pol	1.5617	620	20	2,000	118.1846	$5 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.40	$x$ -pol	4.0516	680	40	4,000	254.1275	$2.5 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.40	$y$ -pol	2.2025	640	20	2,000	163.5881	$5 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.41	$x$ -pol	5.7685	720	30	3000	415.2839	$1.43 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.41	$y$ -pol	3.3722	660	20	2000	232.8476	$2 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.42	$x$ -pol l	7.6333	750	70	7000	553.7224	$1.43 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.42	$y$ -po	5.3102	680	50	5000	339.4506	$2 \times 10^{- 5}$
1.43	$x$ -pol	16.4667	820	160	16,000	2,603.7000	$6.25 \times 10^{- 6}$
1.43	$y$ -pol	9.9717	730	170	17,000	3,432.1929	$5.88 \times 10^{- 6}$
1.44	$x$ -pol	113.941	980	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
1.44	$y$ -pol	203.859	900	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

Ref.	Analyte RI	Pol. Mode	WS (nm/RIU)	AS ( ${R I U}^{- 1}$ )	WR (RIU)
[8]	1.33–1.37	$y$ -pol.	3,700	216	$2.00 \times 10^{- 5}$
[10]	1.32–1.40	$y$ -pol.	33,500	—	$2.98 \times 10^{- 5}$
[11]	1.30–1.42	$x$ -pol.	14,600	1475	$6.84 \times 10^{- 6}$
[15]	1.20–1.29	N/A	11,055	—	$9.05 \times 10^{- 6}$
[17]	1.33–1.40	$y$ -pol.	14,933.34	—	$6.69 \times 10^{- 6}$
[18]	1.33–1.38	$x$ -pol.	10,493	—	$9.53 \times 10^{- 6}$
[19]	1.36–1.38	$y$ -pol.	3,340	69.3	$6.12 \times 10^{- 6}$
[20]	1.2–1.4	$y$ -pol.	3,751.5	—	$1.00 \times 10^{- 6}$
[21]	1.18–1.36	$x$ -pol.	20,000	1054	$5.00 \times 10^{- 6}$
[27]	1.33–1.35	$y$ -pol.	17,000	74	$5.8 \times 10^{- 6}$
[28]	1.22–1.33	$x$ -pol.	15,000	442.47	$6.67 \times 10^{- 6}$
Our work	1.33–1.44	$x$ -pol.	16,000	2,603.7000	$6.25 \times 10^{- 6}$
		$y$ -pol.	17,000	3,432.1929	$5.88 \times 10^{- 6}$

Abstract

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Applied Optics