Planar cascaded triangular hyperlens structures

Ahmad Jalali Deel; Abbas Alighanbari

doi:10.1364/AO.379091

Applied Optics
Vol. 59,
Issue 7,
pp. 2050-2056
(2020)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.379091

Planar cascaded triangular hyperlens structures

Ahmad Jalali Deel and Abbas Alighanbari

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Ahmad Jalali Deel and Abbas Alighanbari, "Planar cascaded triangular hyperlens structures," Appl. Opt. 59, 2050-2056 (2020)

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Abstract

Planar-ports hyperlens structures made of two or four cascaded triangular cuts of planar periodic structures are presented. The hyperlenses are capable of converting electromagnetic evanescent fields to propagating waves, featuring subwavelength resolution and image magnification. One of the two proposed structures features parallel input and output ports. The proposed structures improve the phase and amplitude unbalances, magnification, and resolution of previous planar hyperlenses. Compared to several previous cylindrical hyperlens structures, the proposed structures show competitive or better features. One of the best designs of the proposed structures offers a magnification of 3.86, a resolution of 45 nm, $\lambda /{8}$ at the free space wavelength of 365 nm, optical modulation, a measure of image contrast of 0.286, and amplitude unbalance, a measure of image quality of 0.08, the smallest among all previous structures. Detailed comparative data of performance are provided. Although the magnification of the proposed planar structures is somewhat smaller than some of the previous cylindrical ones, the performance of the proposed hyperlenses is better or competitive with respect to resolution and image quality.

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$θ_{1} (\deg)$	Triangle’s Layers	Layer Thickness [nm]	Lens Magnification (Theory/Simulation)	Optical Modulation
CTH lens
45	10	40	1.73/1.79	0.219
50	10	40	1.96/2.04	0.095
50	15	30	1.96/2.05	0.177
50	15	40	1.96/2.08	0.184
45	15	50	1.73/1.86	0.21
50	15	50	1.96/2.06	0.194
50	20	30	1.96/2.03	0.226
45	20	40	1.73/1.83	0.202
50	20	40	1.96/2.02	0.1
60	20	40	2.65/2.66	0.2
45	20	50	1.73/1.88	0.268
50	20	50	1.96/2.12	0.277
PCTH lens
45	10	40 nm	3/3	0.312
50	10	40 nm	3.84/3.94	0.286
45	15	30 nm	3/3.04	0.26
50	15	30 nm	3.84/3.85	0.271
45	15	40 nm	3/3.01	0.504
50	15	40 nm	3.84/4.03	0.505

Lens Type	Mag.	Res.	OM	AU	Fabrication Complexity	Planar Ports
[25] TH	2	$λ / 3$	0.056	0.8	low	yes
[20] Planar input port, cylindrical	2.3	$λ / 6$	0.61	0.09	high	only input
[21] Complex cylindrical to planar mapping	5	$λ / 5$	0.29	0.17	high	yes
[22] Planar ports, cylindrical	7	$λ / 9$	0.49	0.45	moderate	yes
[23] Planar input port, cylindrical	6	$λ / 7$	0.8	0.09	high	yes
[26] Cylindrical	7	$λ / 8.5$	0.18	0	moderate	no
Proposed CTH ( $N = 10$ , $t = 40$ , $θ_{1} = 50^{\circ}$ )	2.04	$λ / 4$	0.095	0.11	low	yes
Proposed PCTH ( $N = 10$ , $t = 40$ , $θ_{1} = 50^{\circ}$ )	3.94	$λ / 8$	0.286	0.08	low	yes

$θ_{1} (\deg)$	Triangle’s Layers	Layer Thickness [nm]	Lens Magnification (Theory/Simulation)	Optical Modulation
CTH lens
45	10	40	1.73/1.79	0.219
50	10	40	1.96/2.04	0.095
50	15	30	1.96/2.05	0.177
50	15	40	1.96/2.08	0.184
45	15	50	1.73/1.86	0.21
50	15	50	1.96/2.06	0.194
50	20	30	1.96/2.03	0.226
45	20	40	1.73/1.83	0.202
50	20	40	1.96/2.02	0.1
60	20	40	2.65/2.66	0.2
45	20	50	1.73/1.88	0.268
50	20	50	1.96/2.12	0.277
PCTH lens
45	10	40 nm	3/3	0.312
50	10	40 nm	3.84/3.94	0.286
45	15	30 nm	3/3.04	0.26
50	15	30 nm	3.84/3.85	0.271
45	15	40 nm	3/3.01	0.504
50	15	40 nm	3.84/4.03	0.505

Lens Type	Mag.	Res.	OM	AU	Fabrication Complexity	Planar Ports
[25] TH	2	$λ / 3$	0.056	0.8	low	yes
[20] Planar input port, cylindrical	2.3	$λ / 6$	0.61	0.09	high	only input
[21] Complex cylindrical to planar mapping	5	$λ / 5$	0.29	0.17	high	yes
[22] Planar ports, cylindrical	7	$λ / 9$	0.49	0.45	moderate	yes
[23] Planar input port, cylindrical	6	$λ / 7$	0.8	0.09	high	yes
[26] Cylindrical	7	$λ / 8.5$	0.18	0	moderate	no
Proposed CTH ( $N = 10$ , $t = 40$ , $θ_{1} = 50^{\circ}$ )	2.04	$λ / 4$	0.095	0.11	low	yes
Proposed PCTH ( $N = 10$ , $t = 40$ , $θ_{1} = 50^{\circ}$ )	3.94	$λ / 8$	0.286	0.08	low	yes

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Applied Optics