Simplified digital content generation based on an inverse-directed propagation algorithm for holographic stereogram printing

Anar Khuderchuluun; Yan-Ling Piao; Munkh-Uchral Erdenebat; Erkhembaatar Dashdavaa; Moung Hee Lee; Seok-Hee Jeon; Nam Kim

doi:10.1364/AO.423205

Applied Optics
Vol. 60,
Issue 14,
pp. 4235-4244
(2021)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.423205

Simplified digital content generation based on an inverse-directed propagation algorithm for holographic stereogram printing

Anar Khuderchuluun, Yan-Ling Piao, Munkh-Uchral Erdenebat, Erkhembaatar Dashdavaa, Moung Hee Lee, Seok-Hee Jeon, and Nam Kim

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Anar Khuderchuluun, Yan-Ling Piao, Munkh-Uchral Erdenebat, Erkhembaatar Dashdavaa, Moung Hee Lee, Seok-Hee Jeon, and Nam Kim, "Simplified digital content generation based on an inverse-directed propagation algorithm for holographic stereogram printing," Appl. Opt. 60, 4235-4244 (2021)

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Abstract

Holographic stereogram (HS) printing requires extensive memory capacity and long computation time during perspective acquisition and implementation of the pixel re-arrangement algorithm. Hogels contain very weak depth information of the object. We propose a HS printing system that uses simplified digital content generation based on the inverse-directed propagation (IDP) algorithm for hogel generation. Specifically, the IDP algorithm generates an array of hogels using a simple process that acquires the full three-dimensional (3D) information of the object, including parallax, depth, color, and shading, via a computer-generated integral imaging technique. This technique requires a short computation time and is capable of accounting for occlusion and accommodation effects of the object points via the IDP algorithm. Parallel computing is utilized to produce a high-resolution hologram based on the properties of independent hogels. To demonstrate the proposed approach, optical experiments are conducted in which the natural 3D visualizations of real and virtual objects are printed on holographic material. Experimental results demonstrate the simplified computation involved in content generation using the proposed IDP-based HS printing system and the improved image quality of the holograms.

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Supplementary Material (3)

Name	Description
Visualization 1	The reconstruction of the printed HS of a virtual 3D object (“3D OIP”) from the different viewpoints is shown in Visualization 1.
Visualization 2	The reconstruction of the printed HS of a virtual 3D object (“M. Pjanic sphere”) from the different viewpoints is shown in Visualization 2.
Visualization 3	The reconstruction of the printed HS of a real 3D object (“Venus”) from the different viewpoints is shown in Visualization 3.

Data Availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Parameter	Specifications
HS resolution	$50, 000 \times 50, 000 p x$
Pixel pitch of the hologram	6.4 µm
Resolution of the phase-modulated hogel	$1000 \times 1000 p x$
Number of hogels	$50 \times 50$
Lens array	$50 \times 50$ square lens array $f_{L A}$ : 3.3 mm $P_{E L}$ : 1 mm
EIA resolution	$5000 \times 5000 p x$
EI resolution	$100 \times 100 p x$
3D objects	3D OIP (1,023,120 object points)
3D objects	M. Pjanic & sphere (5,091,351 object points)
User’s personal computer	CPU: Intel Core i7-8700 at 3.2 GHz RAM: 16 GB GPU: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080Ti.

	3D Point Cloud Objects	Conventional Method (s)	Proposed Method (s)
EIA generation	3D OIP	131.5	23.59
(with $5000 \times 5000 p i x e l s$ ) in CPU computation	M. Pjanic & sphere	479.77	377.13
EIA generation	3D OIP	3.21	2.07
(with $5000 \times 5000 p i x e l s$ ) in GPU computation	M. Pjanic & sphere	5.6	4.3

Parameter	Value
Laser	Wavelength 532 nm (Sapphire 532 SF, 150 mW)
SLM	HOLOEYE LETO PHASE-ONLY SLM Type: reflective Resolution: $1920 \times 1080 p x$ Pixel pitch: 6.4 µm
Holographic material	Bayfol HX200 photopolymer Thickness: $16 \pm 2 µ m$ Typical dosage: approx. 20 mJ/cm²
Beam ratio	1:1 ( $4 {m W / c m}^{2}$ )
Size of single hogel	$1 \times 1 m m$
Size of printing area	$50 \times 50 m m$

Parameter	Specifications
HS resolution	$50, 000 \times 50, 000 p x$
Pixel pitch of the hologram	6.4 µm
Resolution of the phase-modulated hogel	$1000 \times 1000 p x$
Number of hogels	$50 \times 50$
Lens array	$50 \times 50$ square lens array $f_{L A}$ : 3.3 mm $P_{E L}$ : 1 mm
EIA resolution	$5000 \times 5000 p x$
EI resolution	$100 \times 100 p x$
3D objects	3D OIP (1,023,120 object points)
3D objects	M. Pjanic & sphere (5,091,351 object points)
User’s personal computer	CPU: Intel Core i7-8700 at 3.2 GHz RAM: 16 GB GPU: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1080Ti.

	3D Point Cloud Objects	Conventional Method (s)	Proposed Method (s)
EIA generation	3D OIP	131.5	23.59
(with $5000 \times 5000 p i x e l s$ ) in CPU computation	M. Pjanic & sphere	479.77	377.13
EIA generation	3D OIP	3.21	2.07
(with $5000 \times 5000 p i x e l s$ ) in GPU computation	M. Pjanic & sphere	5.6	4.3

Abstract

Supplementary Material (3)

Data Availability

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Figures (12)

Tables (3)

Equations (5)

Applied Optics