Efficiency analysis of cellular/LiFi traffic offloading

Haitham S. Khallaf; Abd EL-Rahman A. EL-Fikky; Mohamed Elwekeil; Abdulaziz E. Elfiqi; Ehab Mahmoud Mohamed; Ehab Mahmoud Mohamed; Hossam M. H. Shalaby; Hossam M. H. Shalaby

doi:10.1364/AO.419593

Applied Optics
Vol. 60,
Issue 15,
pp. 4291-4298
(2021)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.419593

Efficiency analysis of cellular/LiFi traffic offloading

Haitham S. Khallaf, Abd EL-Rahman A. EL-Fikky, Mohamed Elwekeil, Abdulaziz E. Elfiqi, Ehab Mahmoud Mohamed, and Hossam M. H. Shalaby

Not Accessible

Your library or personal account may give you access

Get PDF
Email
Share
Get Citation
Copy Citation Text
Haitham S. Khallaf, Abd EL-Rahman A. EL-Fikky, Mohamed Elwekeil, Abdulaziz E. Elfiqi, Ehab Mahmoud Mohamed, and Hossam M. H. Shalaby, "Efficiency analysis of cellular/LiFi traffic offloading," Appl. Opt. 60, 4291-4298 (2021)

Export Citation
- BibTex
- Endnote (RIS)
- HTML
- Plain Text
Citation alert
Save article

Check for updates

Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Fiber Optics, Fiber Sensors, and Optical Communications
Optics & Photonics Topics
?

The topics in this list come from the Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: January 14, 2021
- Revised Manuscript: April 20, 2021
- Manuscript Accepted: April 20, 2021
- Published: May 13, 2021

Abstract

Data offloading is a promising low-cost and power-efficient solution for the expected high demands for high-speed connectivity in the near future. We investigate offloading efficiency in a cellular/light fidelity (LiFi) network. This offloading efficiency is a measure of the ratio of traffic carried by the LiFi network to the total traffic carried by both LiFi and cellular networks. We consider the two scenarios of opportunistic and delayed offloading. Effects of user density, user mobility, LiFi-signal blocking, and channel characteristics are investigated. We use Zemax to simulate LiFi channels in the proposed model. Based on our results, delayed offloading can achieve up to 60% offloading efficiency while opportunistic offloading achieves up to 18% offloading efficiency.

Full Article | PDF Article

More Like This

Introduction to indoor networking concepts and challenges in LiFi

Harald Haas, Liang Yin, Cheng Chen, Stefan Videv, Damian Parol, Enrique Poves, Hamada Alshaer, and Mohamed Sufyan Islim
J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 12(2) A190-A203 (2020)

Mobility management in multi-tier LiFi networks

Ahmet Burak Ozyurt and Wasiu O. Popoola
J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 13(9) 204-213 (2021)

Mobility-aware load balancing for hybrid LiFi and WiFi networks

Xiping Wu and Harald Haas
J. Opt. Commun. Netw. 11(12) 588-597 (2019)

Previous Article Next Article

Data Availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

Cited By

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Cited by links are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Figures (6)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Figure files are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Tables (3)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Article tables are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Equations (21)

You do not have subscription access to this journal. Equations are available to subscribers only. You may subscribe either as an Optica member, or as an authorized user of your institution.

Contact your librarian or system administrator
or
Login to access Optica Member Subscription

Parameter	Symbol
Cellular residence time	$t_{c}$
LiFi residence time	$t_{v}$
LiFi blocking time	$t_{b}$
Data rate over cellular cell	$R_{C}$
Data rate over LiFi cell	$R_{v}$
Expected session time	$t_{d}$
Elapsed time from session start to first vertical handover	$t_{r}$
A waiting time for searching LiFi network in delayed offloading	$D$

Link Parameter	Value
Size of room	$5 \times 5 \times 3 m^{3}$
Lighting commercial Cree LEDs	4
Total chips per LED	100
Transmitted rays per chip	500,000 rays
Viewing angle of transmitter	120°
Area of rectangular photodiode	$1 {c m}^{2}$
Configuration of reflection coefficients	Pure diffuse material
Field of view (FOV) of photodiode	85°
Power of each LED chip	0.45 W
Lighting positions	(1.5,1.5,2.85), (1.5,3.5,2.85), (3.5,1.5,2.85), (3.5,3.5,2.85)
Human reflection coefficient (maximum absorption)	0.1
Total reflections	7

Mobile Users Densities	Rayleigh Distribution $σ$ Value
1 mobile user	$8.62719 \times 10^{- 5}$
3 mobile users	$7.93829 \times 10^{- 5}$
5 mobile users	$7.35083 \times 10^{- 5}$
7 mobile users	$6.94399 \times 10^{- 5}$
9 mobile users	$6.53201 \times 10^{- 5}$

Parameter	Symbol
Cellular residence time	$t_{c}$
LiFi residence time	$t_{v}$
LiFi blocking time	$t_{b}$
Data rate over cellular cell	$R_{C}$
Data rate over LiFi cell	$R_{v}$
Expected session time	$t_{d}$
Elapsed time from session start to first vertical handover	$t_{r}$
A waiting time for searching LiFi network in delayed offloading	$D$

Link Parameter	Value
Size of room	$5 \times 5 \times 3 m^{3}$
Lighting commercial Cree LEDs	4
Total chips per LED	100
Transmitted rays per chip	500,000 rays
Viewing angle of transmitter	120°
Area of rectangular photodiode	$1 {c m}^{2}$
Configuration of reflection coefficients	Pure diffuse material
Field of view (FOV) of photodiode	85°
Power of each LED chip	0.45 W
Lighting positions	(1.5,1.5,2.85), (1.5,3.5,2.85), (3.5,1.5,2.85), (3.5,3.5,2.85)
Human reflection coefficient (maximum absorption)	0.1
Total reflections	7

Haitham S. Khallaf	https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7057-5235
Hossam M. H. Shalaby	https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5099-3598

Abstract

Data Availability

Cited By

Figures (6)

Tables (3)

Equations (21)

Applied Optics