Abstract

Intelligent photonic circuits (IPCs) tuned with an appropriate phase-shift vector could enable a photonic intelligent matrix possibly implemented in multiple neural layers for a task-oriented topologies. A photonic Mach–Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) is a fundamental photonic component in IPCs, whose matrix representation could be broadcasted into an arbitrary matrix that is equipped with an optimized phase-shift vector. The initialized MZIs’ phases are tentatively probed between analytical elements and a digital weight matrix that is learned from samples with efficient compatible learning for complex-valued neural networks. Nonlinear least squares is utilized to formulate a phase determination system to refine the optimal phase-shift solutions. The robustness of phase determination system for photonic neural networks is discussed in detail. For a preliminary implementation, a basic ${4} \times 4$ intelligent photonic neural network is utilized to verify the proof of concept on phase-shift determination in IPC through numerical experiments.

© 2021 Optical Society of America

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