Perovskite solar cell using HTLs copper iodide and spiro-OMeTAD comparative analysis in terms of efficiency and resource utilization

Srishtee Chaudhary; Rajesh Mehra

doi:10.1364/AO.437702

Applied Optics
Vol. 61,
Issue 1,
pp. 101-107
(2022)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.437702

Perovskite solar cell using HTLs copper iodide and spiro-OMeTAD comparative analysis in terms of efficiency and resource utilization

Srishtee Chaudhary and Rajesh Mehra

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Srishtee Chaudhary and Rajesh Mehra, "Perovskite solar cell using HTLs copper iodide and spiro-OMeTAD comparative analysis in terms of efficiency and resource utilization," Appl. Opt. 61, 101-107 (2022)

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Abstract

The researcher’s nature to search for better solar cells despite their performance issues has engendered efficient solar cells. The general idea behind solar cell design is similar for all the structures except for substance selection and the imposition of a morphological order, which greatly affects its performance. A solar panel comprised of particular self-designed solar cell structures are utilized to harness energy and convert optical signals to electrical signals. Research on solar cell design is crucial for future communication systems. The morphological order of different layers demonstrates the performance of solar cells. Some of the electron transport layers (ETLs) and the hole transport layers (HTLs) employ toxic substances that have detrimental environmental effects. We present a comparative analysis of perovskite solar cell (PSC) design and simulation using SCAPS software. With the integration of two different HTLs, Spiro-OMeTAD and CuI, the individual outcomes are effective. The results illustrate that the proposed design is efficient. Replacing the HTL with CuI also showed enough competitive results as compared to existing models. Present and future solar cell design research demonstrates its importance in optical wireless communication, free-space optical communication, light communication, and other communication systems.

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Data Availability

Data underlying the results presented in this paper are available in Refs. [21,25].

21. W. Li, H. Dong, X. Guo, N. Li, J. Li, G. Niu, and L. Wang, “Graphene oxide as dual functional interface modifier for improving wettability and retarding recombination in hybrid perovskite solar cells,” J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 20105–20111 (2014). [CrossRef]

25. S. Chaudhary and R. Mehra, “Synergy of Bis(Sulfanylidene)Tungsten and spiro-Ometad for an efficient perovskite solar cell,” Int. J. Eng. Adv. Technol. 9, 4011–4016 (2019). [CrossRef]

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HTL	Mobility of Holes	PCE
${C u}_{2} O$	0.49	11.03
P3HT	0.1	15.3
$N i O_{x}$	0.141	17.3
PEDOT:PSS	$1 0^{- 2} - 1 0^{- 3}$	18.1
Spiro-OMeTAD	$1 0^{- 3} - 1 0^{- 4}$	19.71
PTA	$1 0^{- 2} - 1 0^{- 3}$	20.2

Material Description	Copper Iodide	Spiro-OMeTAD
Formula	CuI	2,2’,7,7’-Tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoyphenyl)amino]-9,9’-spirobifluorene
Bandgap	3.1 eV	2.95–3.06 eV
Melting Point	606°C	240°C

Parameter	Spiro-OMeTAD HTL [23]	CuI ${H T L}^{varied}$	IDL1	${C H}_{3} {N H}_{3} P b I_{3}$ Absorber Layer	IDL2	${W S}_{2}$ ETL
Thickness (nm)	150	300	10	350	10	120
Bandgap Eg (eV)	3.06	3.1	1.55	1.55	1.55	1.8
Electron Affinity (eV)	2.05	2.6	3.9	3.93	3.9	3.95
Relative Permittivity ( $ε_{r}$ )	3	6.5	18	6	18	13.6
Electron Mobility ( ${c m}^{2} / V s$ )	$2 \times 1 0^{- 4}$	$2.2 \times 1 0^{18}$	3	3	3	$1 \times 1 0^{2}$
Hole Mobility ( ${c m}^{2} / V s$ )	$2 \times 1 0^{- 4}$	$1.8 \times 1 0^{18}$	17	17	17	$1 \times 1 0^{2}$
Donor Density $N_{D}$ ( ${c m}^{- 3}$ )	–	–	$2 \times 1 0^{10}$	$2 \times 1 0^{10}$	$2 \times 1 0^{10}$	$1 \times 1 0^{18}$
Acceptor Density $N_{A}$ ( ${c m}^{- 3}$ )	$1 \times 1 0^{18}$	$5 \times 1 0^{18}$	–	$2 \times 1 0^{10}$	–	$1 \times 1 0^{15}$
Total Defect Density $N_{T}$ ( $c m^{- 3}$ )	$1 \times 1 0^{15}$	$1 \times 1 0^{15}$	$1 \times 1 0^{15}$	$1 \times 1 0^{10}$	$1 \times 1 0^{15}$	$1 \times 1 0^{18}$

Lambda (nm)	QE (%)	Photon Energy (eV)
300.00	4.315408e+01	4.13
400.00	8.420225e+01	3.09
500.00	9.687377e+01	2.47
600.00	9.192816e+01	2.06
700.00	7.530128e+01	1.77
800.00	9.309426e-11	1.54
900.00	4.067379e-08	1.37

lambda (nm)	QE (%)	Photon Energy (eV)
300.00	4.315408e+01	4.13
400.00	8.420225e+01	3.09
500.00	9.687377e+01	2.47
600.00	9.192816e+01	2.06
700.00	7.530128e+01	1.77
800.00	9.309426e-11	1.54
900.00	4.067379e-08	1.37

Parameters	[25]	Proposed Design	% Age Improvement
$V_{oc}$ , V	1.28	1.27	–
$J_{sc}$ , $m A / {c m}^{2}$	22.06	22.27	0.043
Fill Factor %	91.76	92.38	0.67
PCE %	25.96	26.22	1

Parameters	[21]	Proposed Design	Resource Utilized
Thickness (nm)	150	300	2 times
Acceptor Density $N_{A}$ ( $c m^{- 3}$ )	$1 \times 1 0^{18}$	$5 \times 1 0^{18}$	5 times
Relative Permittivity ( $ε_{r}$ )	3	6.5	2.16 times

Abstract

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Applied Optics