Surface plasmon biosensor based on Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> antimonene heterostructure for the detection of cancer cells

Arun Uniyal; Brajlata Chauhan; Amrindra Pal; Yadvendra Singh

doi:10.1364/AO.454789

Applied Optics
Vol. 61,
Issue 13,
pp. 3711-3719
(2022)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.454789

Surface plasmon biosensor based on Bi₂Te₃ antimonene heterostructure for the detection of cancer cells

Arun Uniyal, Brajlata Chauhan, Amrindra Pal, and Yadvendra Singh

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Arun Uniyal, Brajlata Chauhan, Amrindra Pal, and Yadvendra Singh, "Surface plasmon biosensor based on Bi₂Te₃ antimonene heterostructure for the detection of cancer cells," Appl. Opt. 61, 3711-3719 (2022)

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Abstract

This theoretical investigation proposes the preliminary stage detection of cancer cells using a prism-based surface plasmon resonance biosensor. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor is label-free and rapid; it supports real-time investigations, including greater sensitivity, and it has an enormous possibility for detecting different forms of cancer. The refractive index alteration of cancer cells is 1.360–1.401. The performance of the SPR sensor has been analyzed. The different types of cancer cells for skin, cervical, blood, adrenal, and breast (type I and II) have been analyzed, and sensitivities of 292, 384, 229, 242, 254, and 261 (degree/RIU) have been achieved, respectively. A high figure of merit of $115.2\;{{\rm{RIU}}^{- 1}}$ has been achieved for HeLa cells and achieved detection accuracy of $0.32\;{\rm{de}}{{\rm{g}}^{- 1}}$ for basal cells.

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Data underlying the results presented in this paper are not publicly available at this time but may be obtained from the authors upon reasonable request.

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Material	Bandgap (eV)	Carrier Mobility ( ${c m}^{2}$ /V-s)	Thermal Conductivity (W/m-K)	Young’s Modulus	Monolayer Thickness (nm)
$B i_{2} T e_{3}$	0.9	467	1.20	50 GPa	0.5 [In this paper]
Antimonene	2.28	150	15.1	$16.70 N / m^{2}$	0.5 [31]
Graphene	0	$> 200 K$	4.8 K–5.3 K	1 TPa	0.34 [32]
Black phosphorus	2	1000	—	24.29 GPa	0.4 [16]
$M o S_{2}$	1.8	0.5 to 3	$> 200$	265 GPa	0.65 [18]
Tin selenide	1.2–1.7	100	—	25.3 GPa	0.575 [33]

Type of Cancer, Cell Name	RI (Normal, Cancer)	RI Change	S	DA	FoM
Skin, Basal	1.36, 1.38	0.02	292	0.32	93.44
Cervical, HeLa	1.368, 1.392	0.024	384	0.30	115.2
Blood, Jurkat JM (JJM)	1.376, 1.90	0.014	229	0.28	64.12
Adrenal, PC-12	1.381, 1.395	0.014	242	0.27	65.34
Breast (I), MM-231	1.385, 1.399	0.014	254	0.26	66.40
Breast (II), MCF-7	1.387, 1.401	0.014	261	0.26	67.86

Layer no.	Materials (BK7 Prism+)	Width (nm)	R.I. at 633 nm	Ref.
1	Prism (1st)	—	1.5151	[39]
2	Ag (2nd)	$d_{1} = 45$	0.0563+i*4.276	[40]
3	$B i_{2} T e_{3}$ (3rd)	$d_{2} = 0.5$	2.761+i*2.383	[17]
4	Antimonene [An] (4th)	$d_{3} = 0.5$	2.1+i*0.45	[26]
5	Cytop (5th)	$d_{4} = 3$	1.34	[17]
6	Sensing Medium	—	$1.33 + Δ μ_{c}$	[17]

Heterostructure	S (Degree/RIU)	FWHM	DA	FoM	Ref.
Au/antimonene	171	—	—	—	[26]
Au/ $B i_{2} T e_{3}$ /BP/cytop	175	—	—	—	[17]
Ag/SnSe/BlueP/ $M o S_{2}$	187	—	0.35	24.60	[33]
Au/BP/Au/graphene	218	8.34	—	26.13	[20]
Ag/InP/BP	250.2	—	0.134	33.52	[46]
Ag/Au/ $B a T i O_{3}$ /graphene	294	6.978	—	42.13	[32]
Au/ $A l_{2} O_{3} / {W S}_{2}$	227. 5	1.14	—	28.26	[47]
Ag/ $B a T i O_{3}$ /Ag/graphene	280	5.185	—	54	[2]
Ag/franckeite/Ni/graphene	352	—	—	—	[48]
Cu/ $B a T i O_{3}$ /Cu/BP	378	2.605	0.3839	145.1	[16]
Ag/ $B i_{2} T e_{3}$ /An/cytop	384	3.33	0.30	115.2	Present work

Material	Bandgap (eV)	Carrier Mobility ( ${c m}^{2}$ /V-s)	Thermal Conductivity (W/m-K)	Young’s Modulus	Monolayer Thickness (nm)
$B i_{2} T e_{3}$	0.9	467	1.20	50 GPa	0.5 [In this paper]
Antimonene	2.28	150	15.1	$16.70 N / m^{2}$	0.5 [31]
Graphene	0	$> 200 K$	4.8 K–5.3 K	1 TPa	0.34 [32]
Black phosphorus	2	1000	—	24.29 GPa	0.4 [16]
$M o S_{2}$	1.8	0.5 to 3	$> 200$	265 GPa	0.65 [18]
Tin selenide	1.2–1.7	100	—	25.3 GPa	0.575 [33]

Abstract

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Equations (12)

Applied Optics